Byukenen Dzheyms: yonena ndi chithunzi

Nthawi imene bwalo la anthu opambana, otchuka ndi odziwika mukhoza kukumana namesakes zonse, n'zochepa. Koma pansi pa dzina la anthu Byukenen Dzheyms kudziwika angapo otchuka, amene wapanga amathandiza kwambiri kuti chitukuko cha chuma masiku ano. Mwini wa dzina chomwecho analinso bwino American bizinesi, amene ali ndi fodya ntchito zazikulu, ndi pulezidenti US. M'nkhaniyi tiona biographies wa onse kwambiri James Buchanan, komanso kuphunzira za nyota chifukwa zomwe akhala odziwika bwino.

Kuyambira Nobel ndiponso mtsogoleri wa XV US kwa zopeka azithunzithunzi buku ngwazi

Pakali pano, pali America angapo, maina ndi osakaniza ngati - Dzheyms Byukenen. Awa ndi anthu amene chokhudzana ndi ntchito mzake akatswiri. Mmodzi wa iwo - kwambiri padziko lonse bizinesi ndi industrialist wa XIX atumwi, amene analemera mabiliyoni mu makampani a fodya. Chachiwiri - Nobel Prize-kuwina zachuma Dzheyms Byukenen, anthu chiphunzitso kusankha chimene tsopano ntchito ndi chuma ndi asayansi ndale padziko lonse.

Dzina mofanana yapita awiri ngwazi m'nkhani, ankavala XV wa United States Pulezidenti. Tsoka, sitingathe kunena kuti iye anapita mpaka mu mbiri chifukwa cha mtengo wapadera, koma izi Buchanan zinthu zina za chipwirikiti ndi - ofanana a mbiri American anamutcha pulezidenti koipa mu mbiri lonse la USA.

Mndandanda wa eni wotchuka m'dzina limeneli akhoza zimachitika ngwazi wina Komabe, izi zopeka wina. Iwo anakhala mmodzi wa azithunzithunzi buku khalidwe kinovselennoy Usadabwe - msilikali wina dzina lake Dzheyms Byukenen (Bucky Barnes). Zingatanthauze kuti m'zaka XXI, kum'patsa akhoza kuwona ochuluka kanema kuti ali kanthu akhoza kudabwa. Koma ndi Bucky Barnes onse sizinayende. "Mafani Modabwitsa 'zimadziwika chifukwa kudzipereka kwawo kwa okhala ndi kampani an'kanthunthumira chikondi cha zilembo zake chabe. Apa ndi Byukenen Dzheyms, tsiku lina kukhala m'gulu la nkhani ya okhala, ngati nakhalanso ndi anakhala munthu weniweni. khalidwe anafika chenicheni choti pa intaneti odzipereka mafani kampani filimu anakonza yonena wake, ndakatulo kudzipereka kwa iye ndi ndemanga zonse mafilimu kanthu za ngwazi izi.

M'nkhaniyi tiona biographies ndi mwachidule onse wotchuka James Buchanan, ndipo amanena kuti apindule, chifukwa chimene iwo akhala mbiri. Anayambitsa "Musazizwe," yonena za moyo wa Bucky Barnes, ife, chifukwa cha chilungamo ndi kwa mafani ake okhulupirika, monga tipendeko kumapeto kwa nkhani ino.

The zachuma Uthenga Wabwino Nobel Prize

Woyamba wa Buchanan mbiri yomwe tikambirana adzakhala munthu amene anenedwanso - Dzheyms Makgill Byukenen JR ..

Iye anabadwa mu 1919, mu umodzi wa limati American, wotchedwa Tennessee. mapangidwe ake poyamba wopambana tsogolo Nobel Prize anali m'dera maphunziro mphunzitsi koleji. maphunziro apamwamba (digiri), mnyamata wa ku yunivesite ya Tennessee, bwinobwino maphunziro mphamvu ya Economics. Pambuyo amasulidwe wake pasanapite nthawi usilikali. Atayendetsa ndizosowa usilikali mu sukulu apanyanja, anakagwira Guam, komanso ku likulu la zombo pa Pearl Harbor.

digiri wake mu zachuma Dzheyms Makgill Byukenen analandira pambuyo pa nkhondo mu 1948, pa maziko a University of Chicago. Kwa nthawi yaitali iye anali nawo ntchito yapamwamba chiphunzitso, kuwerenga nkhani yake pa University of Virginia, komanso a m'mayunivesite otchuka a Tennessee ndi Florida.

Mu 1969, iye anakhala woyamba Director wa Center Phunziro la Wosankha Public. Iye anali pulezidenti wa Western ndi Kumwera Association Economic, iye anali aulemu wotsatila mutsogoleli wadziko la American Association Economic. mapepala Scientific olembedwa ndi Buchanan, munali zipangizo pa nkhani ya ngongole za boma, chiphunzitso cha ntchito mothandizana, chiphunzitso libertarian, ndondomeko kukavota ndi macroeconomics.

Ntchito, zimene zinabweretsa kuzindikira pa chuma ndale padziko lonse

Dzheyms Byukenen - pa zachuma, amene ntchito ntchito ngati maziko a sayansi yamakono ndale ndi zachuma. Iye anali woyambitsa wa Virginia Sukulu ya chuma ndale. ntchito zake zidakhala kuthandiza munthu mudziwe zambiri kutsimikizira kuti magulu osiyanasiyana amene sanali zachuma ndi zofuna za andale aliyense ali ndi chikoka mwachindunji pa ndondomeko chuma chilichonse dziko.

Chiphunzitso cha kusankha anthu ndi James Buchanan analola wolemba ake akhale Nobel. Munthu uyu moyo mwachilungamo yaitali, iye anamwalira mu January 2013. Today dzina lake ndi bwino kuti aliyense wasayansi ndale ndi zachuma, ndipo panopa ntchito ya sayansi ankagwiritsa ntchito mu kafukufuku wa chiphunzitso ndi machitidwe a zochita ndale ndiponso zachuma.

Fodya tycoon ndi bambo ndudu zamakono

dzina lonse la munthu amene lalifupi zamera ife kuyang'ana zina - Dzheyms Byukenen Duke. Iye anabadwa mu North Carolina mu December 1856. Iye ndiye tate wa ndudu ano, ndi zifukwa zomveka.

Mu 1880s iye ndi mbale wake anakhala kampeni fodya kulamulira, lomwe linakhazikitsidwa ndi bambo awo - Washington Duke. Poyamba, fakitale awo anali chabe kagawo kakang'ono yaing'ono malonda a fodya. Koma patapita zaka ziwiri, James anapeza maganizo atsopano. Ngati pamaso ndudu zonse litapotanitsidwa antchito pamanja, koma tsopano, mkubwela kwa makina a kupanga basi yafodya, ndondomeko akhoza inapita patsogolo kambiri. Ndipo achinyamata Duke anachita chirichonse chowapanga makina anayamba.

Anapeza chiphaso kwa makina yoyamba, yodzichitira ndudu kupanga ndondomeko anausankha James Bonsakom makaniko. kupanga fakitale zafika pamlingo latsopano. makina pang'onopang'ono azipiringa wina ndudu wosatha ndi mipeni kuti atembenuza pa mtunda wofanana, kudula mu anthu ambiri yaing'ono. Malekezero a amene litapotanitsidwa ndi dzanja pamaso ogwira ntchito fodya kwa atayanika kunja, tsopano ndi cholinga chomwecho anali impregnated ndi mankhwala apadera. Komanso, kusintha kukoma kwa latsopano ndudu akuwukha mu mchewere, glycerol kapena shuga.

Chiwerengero cha ndudu opangidwa chinawonjezeka ndi liwiro zosaneneka. Ngati pamaso antchito James fakitale pa kosangalatsa akhoza kupanga munthu pazipita ndudu 200, tsopano, makina kuti kusinthaku mosavuta atatopa 120 zikwi. Mayunitsi! Yakobo Buchanan Duke, vuto latsopano - malonda. Mabuku, umene umabala fakitale ake modernized, ndi 1/5 ya zimene America kusuta nthawi zonse. Ndipo Duke chinkhoswe mu malonda aukali. Iye anali kuthandizira pa zochitika zosiyanasiyana Tinkagawa ufulu ndudu pa mpikisano zosiyanasiyana komanso kubwera ndi kuti aganyali mapaketi makadi collectible. Iye magulu ndi US ake mpikisano waukulu ndi kutitengera okhawo - American fodya.

chimodzi chokha mu 1889 anakhala pa malonda 800 zikwi. madola. ndudu zake ankakonda anthu kunena kuti iye amene anaphunzitsa America kusuta ngamila. Koma yaikulu Mavoliyumu kupanga anapitiriza kuuza anthu kuti, misika yaikulu.

Nagawira msika fodya

Mu 1890s oyambirira anali amasowa kuyesera kuti aswe mu msika UK, koma iwo anali akumuyembekezera industrialists ozindikira amene sinditi mudzipereke. Mu Nkhondoyo ndi Duke mu malo awo, iwo anagwirizana mu bungwe limodzi, amene pambuyo nthawi zina iye anayesera kuti tikalowe American msika James. Kudzera zokambirana kukondera ndipo kunatha kuti anapatsa magulu onse.

Mu nthawi yovuta kwa James Buchanan mwa ophatikidzana nawo malonda ake chinali pa iye milandu wosatha. Pambuyo pake, mu 1911, ndi okhawo a American Fodya Company unatha. Malinga ndi bwalo, kampani unagawidwa makampani akuluakulu ang'ono, ndi kuyang'aniridwa ndi James anali mmodzi wa iwo okha.

James zikayenda m'munda wa mphamvu

Mu zaka za m'ma makumi awiri Buchanan Duke anayambitsa angapo makampani ang'onoang'ono mphamvu, yomwe inakhala maziko a chilengedwe cha Duke Energy Corporation m'tsogolo. Komanso, amapereka magetsi kwa mphero nsalu Duke (amenenso ntchito ndithu bwinobwino), ndi bungwe wapereka magetsi mizinda ya ku North ndi South Carolina. Pa gawo la masika mu 1928 iwo unalengedwa mgodi amene amapereka magetsi distilikiti lonse. Pa nthaŵi, dzina lake polemekeza James Buchanan Duke.

Osati yomanga ufumu fodya, komanso woyang'anira wa University

History akukumbukira munthu uyu osati monga atate wa ndudu ano. Ndi mabiliyoni ambiri ku likulu, James waganiza kukhazikitsa kudalira ndalama zake ndi likulu la $ 40 miliyoni mu 1924.

Ambiri mwa ndalama zimenezi wofuna kuthandiza anapereka University Durham, amene panopa limatchedwa University Duke.

Dzheyms Byukenen: yonena, umene manyazi

Dzina la Buchanan sadzaiwala posachedwa, chifukwa wachita kwambiri pokumbukira yowala mwa iye ankakhala ndi moyo zaka pambuyo pa imfa yake. Ambiri cholowa chake Duke anapatsa chikondi: thandizo ndi chitukuko cha University Duke, komanso sukulu monga University D. Smith, Davidson College ndi University Furman. Komanso, ndalama zimene anapatsa angapo zipatala sanali phindu ndi nyumba ana ankakhala mu North ndi South Carolina.

padziko lonse mwana wake wotchuka - Doris Duke - anatengera yonse ya otsala, ndipo ndalama bambo ake. M'chikumbumtima wake, m'dera la Duke Farmes iye analenga zodabwitsa yozizira munda, kumene kaso Kutolere ziboliboli wakhala alipo. Doris otchedwa minda izi zonse kukongola Duke.

Mmodzi wa atsogoleri koipa mu mbiri US

munthu wina dzina lake James Buchanan unakhudzadi wake pa mbiri US - XV pulezidenti wa America. Mtengo wake pa mutu wa boma chimaonedwabe kwambiri maganizo. Olemba mbiri ena bwinobwino kuzitcha izo zoipitsitsa mapulezidenti onse US mlandu passivity ndiponso kulephera kusankha zochita. Mfundo yaikulu ndi Buchanan ndi boma lake yoyamba kulekana kwa States mu North ndi South ndi isanayambike wotsatira wa aakulu nkhondo yapachiweniweni.

Ena amakhulupirira kuti maganizo a gulu kuti pulezidenti sayenera kotero categorical. Musaiwale kuti iye anali kuthamanga dziko mu imodzi mwa nthawi yake yovuta kwambiri. Mu theka lachiwiri la m'ma XIX, vuto la ukapolo ku America zinali zofunika kwambiri. Kukangana za South ndi North sanathe anaima, ndipo m'kupita kwa mbiri ya zochitika silinasinthidwe, kotero inu mukhoza kunena kuti Buchanan monga pulezidenti, zinthu zambiri, unali wopanda mphamvu.

Anabadwa XV pulezidenti tsogolo la America mu April 1791 Pennsylvania m'banja mwachilungamo osauka ndi ana ambiri. Ngakhale zili chomwechi, mnyamata anakwanitsa kufika digiri malamulo. Nkhani yake yoyamba akatswiri iye anafika pamene ntchito loya pa Anglo-American nkhondo.

Mu 1814-1816 gg. kunyumba kwake boma la Pennsylvania , anakhala ya phungu. Mu 1831 anaikidwa kazembe ku St. Petersburg nyumba. Ndipo apo iye ndithu Mwatha woyamba mgwirizano malonda pakati pa America ndi Russia. Komanso, iye anali ndi maudindo Kazembe komanso nduna za nkhani zakunja.

Mu 1856, Democratic Party asankha kwa pulezidenti ndi asiya uphungu wake. Pa nthawi imeneyo ku boma la Kansas , vuto - pali ntchito awiri maboma ankhanza (mbali ndi adani a ukapolo). ndodo akhadikhira pulezidenti watsopano ndi zosankha zake pa tsogolo la Kansas. Sindikufuna kukulitsa nkhani kale zovuta, Dzheyms Byukenen anaganiza monga Kansas boma kapolo. Kenako, panali zipolowe akapolo, zomwe boma US ndi lolimba ndithu kulemba. Ndipo yimitsira la kupanduka wachititsa magawano ngakhale wamkulu ndi nkhondo pakati pa North ndi South.

Asayansi Political ndi mbiri yakale amanena kuti m'malo mwake, Abraham Lincoln, pulezidenti Buchanan anasiya dziko mu chikhalidwe chowopsya, pafupi nkhondo yapachiweniweni pakati pa magulu awiriwa kwakukulu. Buchanan anafa 1868, ndi asanafe, kuti alembe nkhani kulungamitsa malamulo ake. Koma makamaka izo zilibe ntchito, chifukwa mu mbiriyakale ya izo nakhalabe pulezidenti koipa kwa USA.

Khalidwe lotsatira "Musazizwe" dzina lake James

Ndipo otsiriza kudziwika Byukenen Dzheyms, amene yonena ayankhidwa m'nkhaniyi, pa Koyamba, si woyenera kampani ngwazi m'mbuyomu. Iye ali chabe wongopeka amene yonena wakhala bwinobwino anatulukira olemba "Musazizwe". Koma Dziwani kuti wakhala anatulukira bwino kwambiri moti mafani azithunzithunzi padziko lonse kufunafuna mbiri ndi chidwi mfundo za moyo wa khalidwe chabe. khalidwe omvera koyamba mu 2010, pamene chophimba linafika "wobwezera Choyamba."

Choncho, malinga ndi nthano "Musazizwe", Dzheyms Byukenen Barnes (wosewera, kuzindikira fano lake pa TV - Sebastian Stan) anabadwira ku akutali 1917. Iye anasonyeza zotsatira zabwino zosiyanasiyana masewera, wakhala mtsogoleri mu kalasi ake. Kamodzi James mwazindikira momwe hooligans kumenya mnyamata ofooka, adayimiliramo iye. mnyamata uyu anali Stiv Rodzhers, yemwe anadzakhala lodziwika bwino Captain America. Zitachitika, ndi anyamata anakhala mabwenzi abwino. Ndi isanayambike World nkhondo II Dzheyms Byukenen (Bucky) Barnes anali usilikali, anali yozizira maphunziro msasa McCoy ndipo anatumizidwa kunkhondo ku Italy.

Zima NYAKHONDO pa Buchanan labambo

Komanso, anagwidwa ndi detachment a "Hydra" ndipo analandidwa, amene anavutika kwambiri nkhanza, kumuzunza ndi kwa nthawi yaitali anakhalabe kwayekha. ukapolo zimenezi ukupezeka mnzake ubwana amene anali kale pa nkhondo, Captain America. Iye iri yofulumira kupulumutsa James ndipo komabe kumumasula ku ukapolo. Dzheyms Byukenen (Bucky) akulowa timu adawamasulira ena ndi cholinga wamba amakhala ndi chilakolako kufufuta "Hydra" pa nkhope ya dziko lapansi. Nthawi ina m'mikangano ya Dzheyms Byukenen Barnes panjira ya sitima yapamtunda, thupi lake sanapeze, ndipo onse anagwirizana kuti wafa.

Ndipotu, thupi Buchanan chinapezeka ku umodzi wa mayunitsi a "Hydra". Iye kwathunthu achotsa kukumbukira, ndipo kwa nthawi yaitali pa thupi la James imachitika zatsopano zosiyanasiyana. Kwa zaka zingapo, izo atamizidwa ndi kugona yokumba, nthawizina kupereka maso pamene kunali koyenera kutsatira dongosolo la kupha mtsogoleri wamphamvu.

Malinga ndi limodzi la malamulo a "Hydra", Buchanan anali kupha Captain America, ndipo izo sizinali mwamtheradi vuto, chifukwa yokumbukira, wapatali chokumbukira ubwenzi mwana, wachita kale zidzachotsedwa. Pogwira ntchito imeneyi, mu mphindi ya nkhondoyo mwachindunji pakati Captain America ndi bwenzi lake, James cheza anayamba kubwerera amawakumbukira, ndipo iwo onse anapulumuka. Koma Dzheyms Byukenen, amene tsopano zonse wotchedwa Zima NYAKHONDO, ndiye mbisoweka kachiwiri.