Berdan mfuti: specifications ndi zithunzi. Mbali mfuti Berdan

Kusaka mfuti Berdan ankaona imodzi yabwino pa nthawi. Mwatsoka, lero si bwino kudziwika, makamaka nkhope zitsanzo ambiri achilendo. Komabe, udindo Berdan mfuti kwa asilikali Russian ndi yofunika kwambiri. Iwo akhala ntchito pafupifupi zaka makumi choncho kwathunthu ayenera kutenga malo ake oyenera mu mbiri ya zida Russian.

nkhani

Mlengi mfuti Berdan ndi America. Ndi ulemu wake dzina lake. Akukhulupirira kuti buku loyamba anachokera makina mu 1868. Mu April 1869 mlengi wa Berdan mfuti anafika ndi mwana wawo Russia. Yatsopano imodzi-kuwombera mfuti inali kuperekedwa kwa Russian Tsar. Ndi zosangalatsa Alexander II. Mfumu inaika lamulo anatenga izo pa bolodi. Ndi momwe nkhaniyo anayamba utumiki yaitali mfuti Berdan la asilikali Russian. Poyamba, mbewu analamulidwa ndi chipani cha magazini zikwi makumi atatu. Pa nthawi yomweyo pa fakitale Bridge Port anayamba kupanga seveni miliyoni ndi theka zipolopolo za zipolopolo wopita mfuti izi.

Kenako, iye ankachita nawo finalizing msilikaliyo wa Russian asilikali a Alexander Gorlov ndi msilikali Gunius. Ndipo kale mu 1870, zitsanzo akale m'malo mwa dongosolo latsopano Berdan mfuti - 2. anali Wopanda chipata ankaona pano mu mikono yaing'ono.

kusintha sate-faifi anali zochita chifukwa cha zosintha ya kapangidwe pachiyambi. Lachitsanzo kusinthidwa polima GAU Commission. Iye ulemu anatsutsana mayesero onse ndipo analandira mu utumiki ngati "liniya kuwombera mfuti."

dera ntchito

ballistics zake zabwino chifukwa cha chitsanzo ichi ntchito asilikali zinthu skirmishing ndi kusamalira melee lapansi. mfuti anali kuwagwiritsa ntchito mu Mphamvu Alonda a asilikali Russian pa nkhondo janissaries Turkey kuyambira 1877 mpaka 1878. Iwo sanaleke ntchito ngakhale pamene panali mfuti Mosin Nagant kapena. Pa First World nkhondo, asilikali ena anachotsedwa ntchito mfuti zawo Berdan-2 likungosonyeza 10.75x58.

Mu Russia, zida zimenezi zinalengedwa. Komabe, kuika sitampu mu Russian, monga thunthu anali akuti: "Koltovsky zida fakitale. Hartford. America "ndi chiwerengero siriyo. Ndi chiyambi cha nkhondo Chirasha Turkey, asilikali a Russia anali pafupi khumi zikwi mfuti Berdan. Komanso, wambirimbiri zida anali mu utumiki m'khamu la Bulgaria mu nkhondo mu 1914. Zikwi makumi atatu makope pafupifupi nthawi yomweyo adaperekedwa kwa Russia kuti Ufumu wa Montenegro. Ndipo mu 1995-96, pa nkhondo ya ku Ethiopia, izo Anagula zidutswa sate sauzande makungwa a mbadwo wachitatu.

mafotokozedwe

Ku maganizo a owerenga ano, chida Zikuoneka weniweni "chilombo." yayitali ndipo m'malo katundu thupi lake ndi katiriji ndi ufa wakuda pang'ono kuti kuwombera omasuka. Komabe, ngati inu mutayang'ana pa zida maso a m'nthawi yake, ndiye ubwino pali ambiri. Waukulu Russian asilikali panthawiyo anali wosakwatiwa, kuwombera mfuti Krnka ndi Carla ndi likungosonyeza a 15,2 mm. Ndipo ndi pa maziko awo mu zaka, "Berdan mfuti" ngati weniweni "melkashki" - kuwala komanso yokongola.

mbali Design

Berdan mfuti-2 anali okonzeka ndi mfuti chimango, anaikira osiyanasiyana pazipita masitepe mazana asanu. Iwo kuuluka popanda namushnike ili pa mtunda wautali kuchokera kuipanikiza. Ndipo pa thunthu anali mafunde chifukwa kukonza mpeni, ndipo pogona ndi khosi molunjika. "Berdan mfuti" anali okonzeka ndi mpeni a.

mfuti kapangidwe ndi yosavuta kwambiri. choyambitsa njira yake ndi mainspring ndi drummer keyhole lili mkati chubu, amene pamodzi ndi shutter ndi uku atatsamira pa olamulira yopingasa, ntchito ndithu bwino. mfuti sanali okonzeka ndi Sola: katiriji milandu asilikaliwo kuchotsa pamanja. Choncho, yopambana m'nthawi yake mu yolinganizika ndi lolondola moto, mwa mawu a mayiko, izo anataya ena mwa zitsanzo zina.

Berdan mfuti-2 anali bokosi mofanana mu nkhani yoyamba. Poyamba, chinapangidwa ndi mtedza ndipo pambuyo - birch. Handguard linasindikizidwa ndi mbiya kutsetsereka mphete pa zomangira lapansi. Panali awiri. Zowoneka analinso dongosolo lomwelo, ndipo mafunde chifukwa kuika mpeni anali kumanja. Mu nkhani iyi, mpeni anali kusinthidwa. Iye sali atathana pansi mbiya, ndipo kumanja.

Kutseka bawuti adatengedwa ndi kasinthasintha ake ndi madigiri makumi asanu. Izi sanakhutire chotero krupnokaliberki, kuwombera woyang'anira wamphamvu. Pa lokwera yemweyo, amene anali okonzeka ndi mfuti Berdan shutter anapuma khoma ku wolandila lapansi.

ntchito

Koma mwanjira imeneyi anayamba kufika pa asilikali Russian. Gwiritsani ntchito mfuti anali osavuta. Pamene chubu ndi anakoka pa shank keyhole keyhole chubu platoon kanthu kasupe ndi nyundo anaikidwa pa platoon lapansi.

Ndiyeno anagwira yaing'ono mpira zooneka chogwirira, inu amayenera kutsegula chipata ndipo asapeze izo kutsogolo kupita m'tsogolo, kutsegula mfuti. Pambuyo kutseka mfuti anali wokonzeka moto.

katiriji

Berdan mfuti zipolopolo extruded mkuwa malaya botolo woboola pakati, mkati amene anali mkuwa chikho cholinga cholimbikitsa chipewa, ndi kapu chapakati. Mlandu wa nitrate ufa-khala ndi khala bulauni kwa asilikali okwera pamahatchi ndi kulemedwa chimake 1 Sol, kapena 4,265 ga Pamene mfuti Berdan-2 oyenda zipolopolo ndi ena phunziroli ankawonjezereka -. 1,19 Sol, kapena magalamu asanu .. Pa ufa mu chikho pepala kuika yokha prosalnik anapanga a mafuta anyama wothira phula. Ankafunika pochepetsa mbiya fouling ndi obturation bwino. The apakavalo Chuck awiri prosalnika anapereka. Bullets mu mfuti Berdan anali yamphamvu-ogival, stamped, kuchokera patsogolo oyera ndi wrapper pepala. Tsiku panali indentation kwa kuwayika mkati mapeto a pepala.

likungosonyeza

Manga anathandiza kuteteza mfuti ku zasvintsovaniya ndondomeko. Komanso, ndi akutali zitsulo wamanja, musalole maonekedwe a mayendedwe kotenga pa zipolopolo. Chilema pa nthawi ankakonda kwambiri ndipo amaoneka ngati iwo kudutsa njira ya mbiya.

Chipolopolo "berdanok" anali likungosonyeza chomwecho monga mbiya. Linkalemera magalamu 24,16. Pamene zipolopolo chipolopolo ndi motalika kokwanira kuti kuotcha m'litali, kuchuluka likungosonyeza ndi mfuti wodzazidwa. Zotsatirazi kunyamuka ake wrapper pepala pansi mpweya pa kasinthasintha anagwapo. Kunja zipolopolo osalivalis wrapper, potero kwachepetsa mikangano mu mbiya pa kuwombera. Kusiyanitsa oyenda katiriji ku apakavalo zinali zosavuta kwambiri. kwa wotsiriza chipolopolo okutira pepala anali akuda pinki, pamene oyenda katiriji anali woyera. Iwo akulemera magalamu 39,4.

zipolopolo koyamba kwa oyenda katiriji anali liwiro mapazi 1414, kapena mamita 431 pa mphindi, ndi apakavalo - 1188 m / s. Mbali yoyamba ndi mapazi mazana awiri ndi zitatu anakhomerera chitsulo pepala ndi awiri ndi theka millimeter wandiweyani lililonse. Koma apakavalo chipolopolo akanakhoza kuchita chinthu chomwecho, koma kuchokera pa mtunda wa mamita zana.

Yopanga ku Russia

Berdan mfuti-2 poyamba analamulidwa pa fakitale zida Birmingham. Koma posakhalitsa zinali zoonekeratu kuti dzanja asilikali a boma lalikulu monga Russia, likuvutika katundu kuchokera kunja ndi zosatheka. yafika nthawi pamene kunali koyenera kukhazikitsa ulimi zoweta kale. Koma zinali zovuta. Kwa kupanga "berdanok" ndi makatiriji iwo kuchuluka lamanja anafunika bwinobwino modernize ndi Russian makampani manja. Ndipo chidachitika, ngakhale pa mtengo kwambiri ndi khama lalikulu. Ndi kugwa kwa 1872, zonse anali wokonzeka pa Tula Zida Bzalani. Pa nthawi yomweyo tinali kugwedezeka zonse ntchito pa Sestroretsk ndi Izhevsk mafakitale makina.

Popeza zoweta zomangamanga makampani pa nthawi imeneyo kunali kutangoyamba ake, makina onse, zida ndi zipangizo amayenera kugula kunja. A mbali yofunika kwambiri kulimbikitsa ulimi wa mfuti Berdan m'dziko lathu ankaimba akatswiri British. Kukwaniritsa zofuna za asilikali Russian mu makatiriji kwa chida mu 1869 ku St. Petersburg inamangidwa ndi okonzeka ndi makina fakitale atsopano. Chifukwa kusintha akuyendera pang'onopang'ono wayamba rearm asilikali ali zitsanzo za m'banja limodzi.

Features

Pa nthawi imeneyo, mfuti Berdan yodziwika ndi ballistics kwambiri ndi olondola. Madandaulo chinapangitsa yekha udzafunidwa manja kwa kondomu wokwanira. Ena kusakhutira anamvera ndi za kudalirika otsika limagwirira mfuti.

Ubwino ndi kuipa

Mfuti yoyamba ndi yachiwiri chitsanzo anali singly ndi sitolo. Gunslinger angakhoze kuchiyika miniti imodzi kuti zipolopolo khumi bwalo ndi theka mita mtunda wa mamita zana. Pa nthawi imene ankaona zotsatira zabwino. Komabe, zida oyenda mfuti ankaona osati Kalanga ndithu: choyamba, kunafuna mphamvu wabwino kuponyera omenyana, ndipo kachiwiri, kunali koyenera kuwaphunzitsa mankhwala kwa mwezi umodzi. Ichi ndi chifukwa chakuti kulumikizidwa shutter yomanga ndi kukonzanso mfuti zidali zovuta kwambiri.

mtengo wa

Berdan mfuti, makamaka ndi zosintha ochepa, mu dziko lathu lero amaonedwa rarities. Bwino, zovuta kupeza. Wachifumu ndipo mu nyengo ya Soviet zinthu zonse zilipo mu malo a kafukufuku wa anasinthidwa yosalala-inabala. N'chifukwa chake lero ali osowa kwenikweni fakitale mfuti Berdan. mtengo wake si mkulu. Izo zimatengera chitsanzo ndi kupezeka pamaso zina. Mofanana kwambiri ndi chikhalidwe luso chida. Pa avareji oyenda Berdan-2 zikhoza kugulidwa kwa rubles makumi zikwi ndi pamwamba.

Malinga ndi othandiza masiku ano m'dziko lathu lino malamulo ameme, yekha pamaso pa maganizo katswiri wa Utumiki wa Culture kuona kufunika chikhalidwe cha mfuti, zikhoza zololeka kukhala mfulu kufalitsidwa.