Aplastic magazi m'thupi: zizindikiro. Matendawa ndi mankhwala a magazi m'thupi aplastic

Masiku ano pali zambiri zosiyanasiyana matenda amene zogwirizana mwachindunji magazi. Umodzi mwa imeneyi aplastic magazi m'thupi. Zizindikiro za matenda wosawoneka mwakamodzi. Kodi n'zotheka kuchiza matendawa? ndi zodzitetezera chiyani? Ndicho za izo ndipo adzapita m'nkhani ino.

mwachidule

Aplastic magazi m'thupi ndi matenda a dongosolo hematopoietic, kumene kuchepa lakuthwa chiwerengero wa maselo a mwazi, koma palibe zizindikiro zoonekera khansa. Malinga ndi akatswiri, kudwala uyu ali osowa. Amapweteka amuna ndi kugonana chilungamo, zambiri patatha zaka 50. Pamene sanalandire chithandizo aplastic magazi m'thupi zambiri amapha.

zimagwirira chitukuko matenda

Amadziwika kuti mapangidwe magazi ikuchitika ndi gulu lapadera maselo, ndicho hematopoietic maselo tsinde. Iwo angathe zikupitiriza ndi kusiyanitsa mu zosiyanasiyana zikumera hematopoiesis. Ndi chifukwa otsiriza anapanga maselo okhwima (erythrocytes, leukocytes, maselo othandiza magazi kuundana, etc.). Mchikakamizo cha zinthu zingapo kunja kapena mkati, zotsatirazi yotsatana chitukuko cha njira matenda:

• pang'onopang'ono kucheperachepera kuchuluka kwa maselo tsinde hematopoietic;
• anawawidwa chachikulu ntchito ya maselo tsinde kuti zikuphatikizapo ndikosatheka mapangidwe erythrocytes, thrombocytes ndi leukocytes;

Kugonjetsedwa maselo mlandu umenewu ndi umboni mphamvu ya mafupa kupatsidwa zina kuchokera mapasa ofanana kapena m'bale / mlongo. Motero ankachitira aplastic magazi m'thupi ana ndi akulu omwe. Komabe, kupatsidwa zina si zothandiza pa mapasa ofanana kukachitika kuti munthuyo sanalandire chisanadze Inde mankhwala kupondereza chitetezo cha m'thupi. Zimenezi nthawi zambiri anatsimikizira chikhalidwe chitetezo cha matenda.

The zifukwa

Mwatsoka, etiological zinthu za matenda samadziwika mpaka kumapeto. Akatswiri akukhulupirira kuti chifukwa zingakhale:

• ojambula zonse ndi magulu ena mankhwala;
• uchidakwa;
• kutengera za kumtundu;
• ionizing cheza;
• Kuledzela mankhwala;
• matenda ena opatsirana;

Ngati akatswiri amanena kukhazikitsa kugwirizana mwachindunji ndi zifukwa zimene tatchulazi, nthendayo imatchedwa idiopathic aplastic magazi m'thupi.

zizindikiro

• khungu wotumbululuka, kufinya.
• Kupuma movutikira.
• Kuchuluka thupi kutentha.
• Mantha, kufooka, chizungulire.
• Tachycardia.
• Anam'peza stomatitis.
• M'mphuno kapena magazi gingival.
• Kusafuna kudya, mwadzidzidzi kuwonda.

Izi si zizindikiro zonse matenda monga zingaoneke aplastic magazi m'thupi. Zizindikiro ndithu amasiyana pa nkhani iliyonse. Komanso, iwo nthawi zambiri amafanana matenda ena a dongosolo hematopoietic. N'chifukwa chake n'kofunika mwamsanga kuchipatala kuti adzipereke mayesero zonse zofunikira. Pali malamulo ena a magazi aliyense kugonana ndi zaka. Mwachitsanzo, sayansi zizindikiro adzakhala yosiyana, dokotala kale mankhwala tinafotokoza mwatsatanetsatane kwambiri, ndiyeno chithandizo choyenera.

mawonekedwe

Akatswiri salembedwa m'kagulu chiyambi matenda mu mitundu iwiri:

1.Vrozhdennaya aplastic magazi m'thupi ndi:

• kumtundu (imfa ya mapangidwe magazi ndi anomalies kobadwa nako) Fanconi magazi m'thupi;
• kumtundu (imfa hematopoiesis popanda anomalies kobadwa nako mu chitukuko cha) magazi m'thupi Oestrich-Dameshek;
• tsankho maselo ofiira aplasia (utachepa Selo lofiira la magazi achiyesa);

2.Priobretennye aplastic magazi m'thupi ndi:

• ndi chotupa okwana hematopoiesis;
• ndi kugonjetsedwa masankho a erythropoiesis;

Komanso, matenda zimagawidwa monga mwamphamvu:

• Non-aakulu aplastic magazi m'thupi. A magazi limasonyeza mpweya wambiri wa m'nyanjazi zina, koma sikokwanira poyerekeza ndi mwakale.
• Aakulu aplastic magazi m'thupi. Underreporting ya maselo othandiza magazi kuundana ndi granulocytes ritikulotsitov.

Kumasiyanitsa hemorrhagic magazi m'thupi?

Umenewu ndi mtundu zofala za magazi m'thupi, umene umachitika chifukwa sankatha magazi, zikubweretsa kuchepa lakuthwa mu hemoglobin m'magazi, kupanga otchedwa mtima insufficiency ndi mpweya njala. Pakuti wamkulu yachibadwa ngozi anthu ikutuluka nkhani ya kutaya magazi kuposa buku la 500 ml.

kudwala kawirikawiri kumachitika pamene mimba ectopic, magazi kapena chiwindi matenda, aakulu kutaya magazi pambuyo choipa kapena opaleshoni.

N'zochititsa chidwi kuti wodwalayo akhale kwa masiku angapo sankatikayikira kuli vutoli. Zizindikiro Akadzauzidwa kuoneka masiku 2-3 pambuyo kutaya magazi. Ngati wodwala sadzalandira chisamaliro aluso ndi mkulu Mwina wa imfa.

vuto monga kuchepa magazi, hemorrhagic mankhwala. dokotala ayenera kuchotsa kaye ndiwo kutaya magazi ndi kuika kuchita njira colloidal.

diagnostics

Nthawi zambiri amaganiziridwa matenda pambuyo yobereka lotsatira za kufufuza preventively. Mu magazi m'thupi, yafupika maselo ofiira m'magazi, maselo oyera ndi hemoglobin akalozera ndi milingo ESR kwambiri kuchuluka. Nkofunika kudziwa kuti mlingo wa kuchepetsa zili zosiyanasiyana zigawo zikuluzikulu zingasiyane pa nkhani iliyonse payekha.

Kuti atsimikizire matenda aplastic magazi m'thupi, ndi magazi si njira yekhayo matenda. dokotala zambiri anapereka tinafotokoza mwatsatanetsatane wodwalayo, womwenso:

• Kupenda thupi (motsimikiza mtundu wa khungu, magazi, pamaso pa kukha mwazi, etc ...);
• kusanthula mkodzo (kukhalapo kwa magazi ndi chizindikiro cha matenda hemorrhagic, ndi kukhalapo kwa tizilombo - kusonyeza chikhalidwe opatsirana matendawo);
• umagwirira magazi (mafuta, shuga, asidi uric);
• malizitsani mbiri zachipatala (ngati pali makhalidwe oipa, ngati pali matenda aliwonse aakulu, ngati kukhudzana ndi poizoni);
• kusanthula magazi;
• Kuphunzira mafupa puncture njira;
• electrocardiography;

Kodi tiyenera kuwaona motani?

Choyamba tisaiwale kuti yekha njira oyenerera angathe kuthandiza odwala polimbana ndi matenda monga kuchepa magazi aplastic. Zizindikiro za matenda mu magawo oyambirira ayenera kuchenjeza aliyense. Komanso, pamene zizindikiro chachikulu matenda n'kofunika yomweyo kuchipatala kuti muyende a tinafotokoza mwatsatanetsatane.

mankhwala amakono amapereka zinthu zitatu kwa mankhwala. M'munsimu iliyonse payokha mwatsatanetsatane.

1. chithandizo Causative bwino ngati amadziwika kuti chifukwa magazi m'thupi. Imeneyi, cholinga chachikulu cha mankhwala ndi kulongosola kanthu pa chinthu n'zothandiza, koma nthawi zambiri sizithandiza. Odwala akulangizidwa kuthetsa chimayambitsa matenda (kuchotsa zone poizoni Kulipira mankhwala ena, etc .. D.). kukhwimitsa okha kuchepetsa mlingo wa imfa ya m'mafupa, koma osati kubwezeretsa magazi yachibadwa.
2. chithandizo tizilombo zikusonyeza chitukuko kuchotsa njira matenda. Pakuti zolinga zimenezi, ntchito mankhwala immunosuppressive ( "Cyclophosphamide" mankhwala, "Cyclosporin"). Nthawi zina, kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ingathandize kubwezeretsa ntchito hematopoietic. Amagwiritsidwanso ntchito pa matenda a corticosteroids ndi anabolic mankhwala. Mankhwalawa sayenera yekha kupangidwa kwa maselo oyera, komanso patsogolo mapuloteni kaphatikizidwe. Mu mawonekedwe choopsa cha matenda, madokotala amalangiza mafupa kumuika. Opaleshoni Mwachangu ndi apamwamba kwambiri odwala wamng'ono. Aplastic magazi m'thupi ana ndi mankhwala kudzera kupatsidwa zina.
3. mankhwala Symptomatic ntchito kulimbana mawonetseredwe enieni matenda. Pamafunikanso kuika zofunika zigawo zikuluzikulu magazi, mankhwala (mankhwala "Fluconazole", "Norfloxacin") ndi zokhudza zonse antifungal mankhwala.

Zovuta ndi zotsatira

• Magazi ochepa chikomokere. Chifukwa cha kuchepa mofulumira maselo ofiira ku ubongo pafupifupi palibe mpweya umaperekedwa, monga Motero, munthu watha chikumbumtima ndipo sakulabadira zikuchitika kunja.
• Infection.
• zosokonezeka Hemorrhagic (magazi). Zoipitsitsa vuto - otchedwa hemorrhagic sitiroko, pamene mbali ya ubongo amafa chifukwa mutipatse magazi ake.
• The kuwonongeka kwa ena ziwalo mkati (nthawi zambiri amapezeka mu kukhalapo kwa matenda aakulu).

Monga tanenera kale pamwambapa mankhwala angapo mwapadera oyenerera amathandiza kuthetsa kudwala ili ngati magazi m'thupi aplastic. Kuneneratu makamaka yabwino, koma ndi mankhwala nthawi yake kwa dokotala. Malinga ndi zomwe zilipo, popanda mankhwala okhudza 90% odwala kufa chaka chimodzi.

The mankhwala ambiri mafupa kupatsidwa zina anazindikira. Mwachitsanzo, 9 odwala 10 pambuyo opaleshoni moyo wautali kuposa zaka zisanu.

Pa ndikosatheka alowererepo opaleshoni (mankhwala) kwa zaka zoposa zisanu mungathe zaka moyo theka la odwala, ndipo mpaka 40.

kupewa

kupewa umafalitsa ndi chinthu kupewa mavuto zifukwa zosiyanasiyana kunja. Tikuyankhula zokhudza kulemekeza luso labwino chitetezo mogwirizana ndi magwero a ionizing poizoni utoto. Komanso, n'kofunika kulamulira mankhwala ndi mlingo.

kupewa Secondary (kupewa kuwonongeka kwa munthu kale kudwala) zikusonyeza kuonerera dispensary, komanso nthawi yaitali yokonza mankhwala.

Pomaliza, tisaiwale kuti simuyenera kuopa matenda amenewa, monga kuchepa magazi aplastic. Photos wathanzi anthu amene anali matenda, kutsimikizira kuti mukhoza kuthana ndi vutolo. Pankhaniyi, udindo wapadera wa Timeliness kufuna chithandizo aluso ndi mosamalitsa ndondomeko malangizo onse madokotala. Khalani wathanzi!