Alisa Gessenskaya, Grand Duchess: yonena, nkhani ya moyo ndi chikondi

Alisa Gessenskaya ndi ndani? ndi mkazi uyu yotchuka chiyani? Kodi moyo wake? Onse mafunso awa mudzapeza mayankho m'nkhani ino.

magwero

Alisa Gessenskaya analandira pobadwa dzina la Victoria Helena Louise Beatrice Alice wa Hesse-Darmstadt. Anabadwa June 6, 1872 ku Germany. Mfumukazi tsogolo la Russia muli anangotchula wake wa oimira anayi a banja la chifumu la maina otumphukira: Mayi, nayenso, Alice, ndi azichemwali anayi a amayi. bambo ake anali lopambana Duke Ludwig IV, mayi - Duchess Alice. Mtsikanayo anali wachinayi, mwana wamng'ono wa banja wotchuka.

Childhood ndi unyamata

Mfumukazi Alisa Gessenskaya tinatengera amapatsira mwana wake mbewu. Matendawa kuchokera mayi kupita kwa mwana amene banja lawo ndi m'badwo woyamba. Chodabwitsa n'chakuti anaonetsa amuna ake amphamvu monenetsa, akazi okha kuchigwiritsa ntchito. Mu matenda, yafupika magazi clotting, tingayambe amataya magazi, mmene onse mkati ndi kunja. Pa matenda thanzi atsikana analibe chochita.

Native Hesse mu 1878 kakusintha ndi diphtheria mliri. Ine adamphata tenepo banja Alice a. Kufa mayi ake ndi mlongo Mei. Kenako, wamasiye Louis IV wasankha kutumiza Alice kwa analeredwa kwa agogo ake, podziwa kuti sadzatha m'malo mayi. Nthawi zambiri ndi heiress ufumu amathera mu UK, Chisumbu cha Wight. Choncho, mwana anathera mu chinyumba Balmoral, kumene agogo ake nthawi zonse asokoneza - Mfumukazi Victoria ya England. Akatswiri a mbiri yakale ndi mwachikondi wapadera ndi chikondi Victoria kwa mdzukulu wake, amenenso otchedwa "kuwala kwanga".

Tsogolo Duchess Alisa Gessenskaya ankasiyana mwaulemu ndi khama maphunziro awo. A chikoka chachikulu pa ubwana wake onse mafumu achipembedzo.

Ulendo woyamba Russia

Pa zaka 12, Grand Duchess wa Hesse ndi Rhine Alice anapita ku Russia kwa nthawi yoyamba. Mu 1884, mkulu wake Ella anakwatiwa ndi Russian Duke Sergei Alexandrovich. Zinali pa ukwati dona wamng'ono anaona Nicholas II - kalonga, mwana wa Mfumu Alexander III. Dziwani kuti nthawi yomweyo ankakonda Alice. Ndiye Nikolai anali kale 16 ndipo iye anayang'ana pa iye mantha, akuganizira za tsogolo Mfumu okhwima ndi wophunzira aliyense. 12 wazaka Duchess wa wodzichepetsa amadzinenera kamodzinso kulankhula ndi Nicholas ndi kumanzere Russia ndi chikondi zosavuta mtima.

maphunziro

A mbali yaikulu kuphunzitsa mwana kusewera Alice chipembedzo. Iye analemekeza miyambo onse opatulika ndipo anali wodzipereka kwambiri. Mwina kunali kudzichepetsa ake anaika kenako anamenya Nicholas II. Iye anasonyeza changu wabwino ndi zaumunthu, anali ndi chidwi ndi ndale, amchigulu ndi mgwirizano wa mayiko. chilakolako ake kwa chipembedzo m'mphepete pa zongoganiza. Iye ankakonda kuphunzira za zamulungu, ndi theosophy, amene kwambiri anapambana ndipo kenako analandira digiri mu nzeru pa University Cambridge.

Ubwenzi ndi mwamuna tsogolo Nicholas II ndi Ukwati

Mu 1889, Grand Duchess Alice wa Hesse revisited Petersburg. Apa iye anaitanidwa mlongo Ella ndi mwamuna wake. Pambuyo gulu yaitali ndi Nicholas II pa masabata 6 zazikulu yachifumu nyumba Sergio iye adakwanitsa kupambana mtima wa mwana wamkulu wa mfumu ya Russia. Mu zolemba zake, mwamsanga 1916, Nicholas II angakuuzeni kuti mtima wake afika mtsikana odzichepetsa ndi okoma ndi chikondi choyamba, ndi kale pa msonkhano wachiwiri, iye ankadziwa kuti iye akhale mkazi wake yekhayo.

Koma posankha anali poyamba ovomerezeka makolo otchuka. Iye ananeneratu ukwati ndi Helen Luizoy Genriettoy, heiress Paris Zithunzi. ukwati kunali kopindulitsa kwambiri kwa mfumu. Komanso, amayi anali mbadwa ya Nicholas Dane ndipo sanali Germany. The Alice omwewo, nabwera agogo nyumba yachifumu, iye anayamba mwakhama kufufuza mbiri ya chinenero cha Chirasha Chovumbulutsidwa ndi bishopu Orthodox. Koroleva Viktoriya, amene kuchilemekeza mdzukulu, nthawi yomweyo ovomerezeka chosankha ndi m'zonse kuti amuthandize kuphunzira chikhalidwe chatsopano. Mlongo wamkulu Ella, anatenga nthawi ndi dzina la Orthodoxy Elizabeth Feodorovna, ngati mwamuna wake, anathandiza makalata okonda. N'zoona kuti mtundu Duke Sergei Alexandrovich, mlongo mwamuna Alice, zokhudzana ndi banja lachifumu kumabweretsa kwambiri phindu.

Ndipotu ina zoipa kwa banja Romanov anali odziwika matenda Duke wa Hesse mafumu. Kuopa olowa matenda tsogolo amakayikira ubwino kusankha.

Nicholas II anaumirirabe ndi kulimbikira, iye sankagwirizana mapemphero a mayi wake Maria Feodorovna. Zimenezi zinathandiza mu chikondi ndi chochitika okongola aakulu. Alexander III mu 1893 mwakayakaya, ndipo panali funso za chinkhoswe atangochimwa wolowa choyamba ufumu. Pemphani dzanja Alisy Nikolay anapita kwambiri, April 2, 1894, ndipo pa April 6, analengeza ubwenziwu. Atafa Mfumu Alexander III Alisa Gessenskaya anatenga chikhulupiriro Orthodox, ndipo analandira dzina Alexandra Feodorovna. Mwa njira, mwamuna wake adakali oyambirira mtsikana wina dzina lake okha monga Alix - dzina lake ndi kaphatikizidwe 2 - Alice ndi Alexander. The ukwati anali kugwira posachedwapa, mwinamwake ukwati ndi mlandu, ndipo Alice sanathe kuganizira mkazi wake Wolamulira watsopano, kotero pasanathe sabata pambuyo maliro a atate wake, Nicholas II anakwatiwa ndi mkazi wake wokondedwa. Azambiriyakale dziwani kuti ngakhale ukwati wawo zinachitika pa maliro ndi kulira ngati kunenera kuvutika kwa Romanov mafumu.

ntchito State ndi ntchito ndale

Alice Gessenskaya Aleksandra Fedorovna anayenera mwamsanga azolowere dziko latsopano, ndikuzolowera chikhalidwe chatsopano. Akatswiriwo ananena kuti mwina inali kusintha mwadzidzidzi zimenezi kotero kwambiri ndi umunthu wa Alexandra Feodorovna. Modzichepetsa ndi wotetezedwa, iye mwadzidzidzi anayamba kunyada, hypochondria ndi munthu opondereza. Mfumukazi anali mtsogoleri wa regiments angapo a asilikali, kuphatikizapo kunja ufumuwo.

Iye komanso wakhama mu ntchito zachifundo. Motsogozedwa ake, gulu asangalala, monga m'misasa, zipatala, chithandizo mu mabungwe kunyumba ndi anthu ammudzi. Iye anaphunzira nkhani zachipatala ndi panokha anathandiza mu ntchito.

atakhala Alexandra

Woyamba zosasangalatsa zimene anachita chinyengo mu moyo wa Alice wa Hesse, mkazi wa Nicholas II, pa chifukwa chakuti iye sakanakhoza kubala kwa mwana mwamuna wokondedwa. Popeza iye anaukitsidwa kwa kubadwa, mkazi tsogolo la kazembe, ndi kuchigwira mwana wina amene anabadwa temberero machimo ndi kusintha chikhulupiriro. zongoganiza ake ndipo zinapangitsa kuti maonekedwe a nyumba ya Filipo. Zinali kathyali anachokera ku France, amene anatha kutsimikizira Mfumukazi kuti lye ndiwokwanitsa zamatsenga kuthandiza kupereka mwamuna wake mwana. Philip ngakhale anakwanitsa kutsimikizira Alexandra kuti anali ndi mimba, ndipo m'miyezi yochepa kukhala mu nyumba yachifumu. Kudzera mfumukazi anali kwambiri anakhudzidwa ndi mfumu yekha. Utulutseni Pambuyo pa chigamulochi madokotala za "mimba zachabe."

Axamwali mu moyo wa Alexandra Feodorovna anali bwalo la ulemu. Pakati pawo limatsindika Mfumukazi Baryatinsky, Baroness ndi wotchuka Buxhowden Gendrikov, imene inkatchedwa chachikulu Nastenka. Close ubwenzi mfumukazi nthawi yaitali anatsogolera kumvutitsa Vyrubovoy. Zinali ndi dona uyu Alisa Gessenskaya - mkazi wa Nicholas II, anakumana ndi Grigoriem Rasputinym, kenako kwambiri tsogolo la ufumuwo.

Pakati pa nzika za German Duchess chiyani sakwanitsa kukwaniritsa chikondi ndi kudzipereka. Alexandra ankachitira akunyoza Baibulo ena, kawirikawiri kwa inu ndimakhoza kumva matamando, kapena mawu mtundu.

Wolowa nyumba yaitali ufumu

Atabadwa aakazi anayi - Olga, Tatiana, Maria ndi Anastasia - banja lachifumu akuyesayesa kupeza m'malo ufumu. Koma chozizwitsa chinachitika, ndipo mu 1904 anadza mwana yaitali, dzina lake Alexei. Mwamwayi panalibe malire, koma kuti jini amapatsira mwana wake akadali zimaonekera thanzi a mnyamatayu. Chosavuta panthawi pa bwalo la Rasputin anamuthandiza kupirira matenda, monga mankhwala ochiritsira sanapereke zotsatira zabwino. Zimenezi anachita Gregory ali pafupi banja lachifumu.

Zaka zomalizira za moyo wake

zaka wake wotsiriza anali zowawa ndi zovuta Alexandra. Iye anali mayi zodabwitsa, mwana wake anathandiza kuti agwire ntchito mu chipatala ndipo anakhala nthawi zambiri ndi asilikali ovulala, mamembala a First World nkhondo.

Pambuyo pa February utasintha, dongosolo la boma latsopano la banja Romanovs anaikidwa m'ndende panyumba ndipo patapita nthawi anamutumiza onse ku St. Petersburg kuti Tobolsk. Mu April 1918 Bolsheviks kunapangitsa akaidi Ekaterinburg, amene wakhala chitetezo lotsiriza la banja lachifumu. Nicholas II mpaka posachedwapa kumbuyo banja lake, koma pa usiku wa July 17, 1918 mamembala onse a banja Romanov anapita chapansi ndi mfuti. Pakuona zinthu anandiuza kuti, kufikira imfa, Alexandra anayenda ndi mutu wake zokhazokha. Izi usiku yotentha anamaliza ulamuliro wa Romanov mafumu.