Alexander Alyabyev: mwachidule mbiri, zithunzi Alyabeva Aleksandra Aleksandrovicha

Woyambitsa wa chikondi Russian, ndi kupeka nyimbo zodabwitsa Alexander Alyabyev anayambitsa pushkinianu nyimbo, Russian malangizo chipinda music, anali nyengo yachisanu ikupita zinthu zina zambiri tsogolo la sukulu mtundu wa zikuchokera. Iwo bwino ntchito amapilira, amene lero ali kwambiri wokondedwa ndipo kawirikawiri anachita m'banja lokhala wosasangalala adzatero. Mwachitsanzo, "The Nightingale," "Zima Road", "Madzulo Mabelu" ndi enanso ambiri.

yonena

Aleksandra Alyabeva kuyambira ali mwana anazolowera nyimbo. Pali umboni kuti iye anatenga maphunziro limba wotchuka D. Field. Lang'anani, woyamba ntchito yake iye odzipereka kwa iye, ndipo anali limba "Grand Polonaise" - Russia woyamba weniweni konsati ntchito polemba chinenero ichi.

Alexander Alyabyev anabadwa mu Tobolsk, m'banja kazembe, amene anamupatsa mwayi wolandira maphunziro kwambiri. Iye anamenyana ndi Napoleon mongodzipereka detachment mu ndakatulo wotchuka Denis Davydov, anali kwambiri anavulazidwa ndi kupereka mendulo kwa kulimba mtima komanso kulimba mtima. Ndipo pambuyo pa nkhondo dzina lake Aleksandr Alyabev, Wolemba, anadzipereka kwathunthu kwa nyimbo.

Aulemerero pabalaza ndi ankakonda kwambiri ndipo mosalekeza anachita ochokera masewero a wake, comedies nyimbo, ndipo ambiri zambiri adayimba nyimbo. Kupititsidwa patsogolo yonena Aleksandra Alyabeva anthu odabwitsa: iye anali bwenzi kwambiri Griboyedov, Shakhovskoi, Decembrists Bestuzhev Mukhanov. Iye anagawana ndi za mapulani kwa zoimbaimba Verstovsky ndi abale Vilegorskimi. Ndinkakhala Moscow - moyo ed. Ngakhale "m'chigonjetso mwa Muses" pa kutsegula kwa Bolshoi Theatre linalembedwa ichitikire ndi Alyabiev Verstovsky ndi Scholz.

Panalibe zizindikiro

Kudutsa dziko, izo zakhala Odziwika nyimbo anapeka Alexander Alyabyev. Photo analibe kulibe, koma zithunzi za kulemba lake anthu ojambula zithunzi masiku - Wolemba anali wotchuka. nyimbo zake ndi ankaimba St. Petersburg ndi Moscow, ndiponso m'mizinda kutali kwambiri. Pa Bolshoi Theatre anali kuonera sewero lake "Village nzeru zapamwamba", "madzulo", ndi kuvina "The Magic Drum".

Komabe, mu 1825, iye anapha bwenzi lake mu masewera khadi. Mwadzidzidzi. Ndipo Alyabyev anamangidwa. Kupha achipongwe amene si zatsimikiziridwa. Komabe, wolemba akapanda tithe onse, malangizo ndi otchuka. Ndipo mmbuyo ku Tobolsk. Mu mzinda lakutali kwambiri Siberia ozizira, kumene lina anakhala ubwana wake osangalala. Mu chithunzi m'munsimu chikusonyeza chimodzi cha Wolemba ndi lyricist wa romances bwino Alyabiev - Nikolai Ogarev.

Tobolsk ndi Caucasus

Alexander Alyabyev kotero wakhumudwa chifukwa chonenera izi mokondera kuti kokha nyimbo angathe kukhala naye pa sitepe lomaliza. Apa iwo ali oketsra zodabwitsa unapangidwa bungwe, iwo ukuchita monga limba ndi makamu zoimbaimba zosiyanasiyana. Ndipo analemba nyimbo, ndi osiyana kwambiri ndi amene m'mbuyomu, mitambo. Pangakhale nyimbo zake zabwino: "Zima Road", "Irtysh", "awiri khwangwala". Koma mantha mantha opezekamo: yonena Alyabeva Aleksandra Aleksandrovicha ngati munthu wa mdziko, kuyenda mu nyumba iliyonse, inali itatha. Wolemba kudwala kwambiri.

patatha zaka zisanu, mu 1832, ankaloledwa kusiya Siberia ndi Caucasus kuyenda mankhwala. Pali zolembedwa romances wake, lofalitsidwa chopereka lotchedwa "Caucasus woimba". Kale wokhometsa waukulu folklore M. I. Glinki ndi Alyabev dzina lake Aleksandr Aleksandrovich analemba nyimbo Caucasians, Kirghiz, Bashkirs, ndipo zikugwirizana njira pogwiritsa ntchito zake. Nawo pamodzi ndi Maksimovich m'buku lakuti "mawu a Chiyukireniya nyimbo" kuti ndi wokonda N. V. Gogolyu. Apa mu chithunzi - mbuye kanyumba, kumene ambiri ntchito Alyabiev anachita kwa nthawi yoyamba, bwenzi la Wolemba, ndi wotchuka Alexander Griboyedov.

kubwerera

"Tsalani bwino" Alyabiev pang'onopang'ono kwambiri: mu 1835 analoledwa kukakhala ndi achibale mu mzinda ndi zoletsedwa kotheratu ochezera mitu mu 1843 anatilola kumakhala mu Moscow, koma pansi nthawi zonse anaziika apolisi. Izi zikutanthauza: sindikuwona omvera, si gulu kapena zoimbaimba kapena zisudzo. Ndipo chotero anamaliza moyo wake ntchito, ngati chimene moyo nyimbo zedi zili yapachiweniweni monga "Nyakusowa", "Mudzi wosamalira", "m'kanyumba". Ndi bwino, ndiyenera kunena, adamfunsa ndi anthu patali chotero, koma pafupifupi ntchito zake zonse anayamba nthawi maphunziro pakuyenerera.

Osati mmodzi wa olemba loyamba romances Russian anali Sadadzipangire malo apamwamba mu Russian nyimbo Alyabev dzina lake Aleksandr Aleksandrovich. Mwachidule mbiri ndi mitundu chidwi ya zochitika za moyo wake kovuta. Iye wagwira ntchito mu pafupifupi onse Mitundu nyimbo, koma malo ake chidwi wakhala amapilira nyimbo. Oposa 180 nyimbo, m'Chiarabu lolembedwa ndi Alexander Alyabyev. Wolemba amene yonena Zili ngati uyu sanali kumafuna mwakhama hellish m'chipsinjo maganizo. Ndipo iye analemba nyimbo, komabe ndi kugunda, monga "Nightingale" pa ndakatulo Delvig kapena "Nyakusowa" pa Beranger ndakatulo. Alexander Pushkin, zojambulidwa chithunzi pansipa, anali woyambitsa zoposa makumi awiri ndakatulo bwino nyimbo Alyabiev.

chilengedwe

Romances Alexander Alyabyev analemba mavesi a alakatuli yabwino ya mkulu wake ndiwotani Davydov, Zhukovsky, Vyazemsky, Kozlov, Koltsov, Lermontov. Makumi awiri nyimbo olembedwa mu ndime Aleksandra Pushkina, ndi khumi ndi asanu a iwo - moyo ngakhale ndakatulo a. Kumapeto kwa moyo wake kuposa wina aliyense ndakatulo ouziridwa Ogarev.

Ndinalemba Alyabyev ndi nyimbo zambiri symphonic ndi chipinda zoimbidwa: Symphony mu E pang'ono ndi wabwino kwambiri, amangogwa Overture mu F Minor, kum'sangalatsa konsati angapo, zoimbaimba zambiri zida zosiyanasiyana payekha ndi Banda, zipinda zazikulu zokhala ndi kuvina. Kufikira tsopano, ambiri chipinda ensembles Alyabiev anaphunzira ku sukulu nyimbo ndi conservatories, komanso woganiza ntchito konsati. Mu chithunzi m'munsimu limasonyeza chidwi kwambiri anthu nthawi Alyabiev - Decembrist Alexander Bestuzhev-Marly, mlembi wa buku limene sewero la nyimbo Alyabiev chinaikidwa ndipo nyimbo pa ndakatulo Bestuzhev-Marly, iye analemba.

Zisudzo, nthano nyimbo wopatulika

Anasiya Alyabiev Theatre - chionetsero nyimbo lalikulu zonse zodziwika nthawi ya Mitundu: ndi nyimbo za zisudzo, ndi kuvina, ndipo woposa makumi awiri comedies nyimbo, omwe si wosiyana kwambiri kuchokera masewero a pa, pali cantata, ndi nyimbo masewero a zisudzowo sewero, ndi mwa iwo - ndipo sewero lanthabwala ndi matsoka, ndi sewero. Ndi Moscow kuyamba ya Pushkin a "Mermaid" kuti Shakespeare "Namondwe" ndi "Akazi panyengo ya Windsor" ndi nyimbo zolembedwa ndi Wolemba Alyabyev.

Anakonza, anatsogolera, analemba ndi lofalitsidwa ambiri ndithu wowerengeka nyimbo Zotsatira - Chirasha, Chiyukireniya, Chitata, Central Asia, Caucasus. Oposa zana ntchito zili zauzimu kwa cholembera chake, mwa iwo - ndi mapemphero wotchuka.

cholowa Choikidwiratu

Monga nthawi zambiri sizichitika ndi bwino aluso amene alibe nthawi kuchita ntchito kwa mibadwo, kapena amene kuona kuti modzichepetsa ndiAmene "netlenki" Alyabiev cholowa kwakukulukulu anapulumutsidwa. Ntchito 450 (ichi ndi ballpark chithunzi), ambiri - mudakali pamanja, lomwe pa za m'ma hafu pasiti, kuwomba chabe otaika. Ambiri mwa ntchito zake zasindikizidwa, koma mwanjira mokondera aiwala. Ndipo nyimbo kwambiri ndipo akhoza wokha ndi kupeka posthumous kutchuka, ndipo anapanga kumenya chomwecho, monga "The Nightingale" pa Delvig ndakatulo.

Ochuluka monga zaka makumi asanu pambuyo pa imfa ya Wolemba ndi ntchito yake, ndipo mbiri yake osati akukonza tsankho kwambiri. Koma onse ndi mbali zina zambiri! Kudabwitsa ndipo ngati anakhumba zina zabwino zambiri ndi zosatheka kuti abwerere ku fumbi nthawi! Mpaka 1825 dzina la Alyabiev kusindikiza pafupifupi sanapite, koma pambuyo - ndichithu yekha, review kwenikweni umodzi wa nyimbo. Asokoneza mbiri yake, wodzazidwa ndi deta olakwika kapena chosakwanira, motero ana pafupifupi anataya dzina wabwino ndi ntchito yaikulu ya wolemba ndi chithunzi nyimbo.

Khama ndi mfundo

Ngakhale mumamva kumunamizira sanali kuswa moyo wa Mlengi. Ndipotu, chikhumbo chomwecho ufulu, kusungulumwa chilimbikitso, chisoni ndi kuvutika, kukhumba mwachilungamo, ndiko kuti, gulu lomwelo mafano khalidwe la zinthu, tikhoza kusunga ku mapeto a nthawi wake.

Alexander Alyabyev Wolemba ngati aluso ngati ali sakusangalala, ine ndiri nawo ena chitonthozo ku msonkhano ndi mkazi patsogolo, amene anavala mokweza namwali dzina Rimsky-Korsakov. Ndiye imodzi mwa nyimbo yabwino alyabevskoy Pushkiniana linalembedwa - "ndakonda inu." Mkazi uyu, Inu Ofrosimova pamene amasiye, anakhala mkazi wa Woipeka.

Nikolay Ogarov Bestuzhev-Marly

Alyabyev wolemba nyimbo ndi ndakatulo Ogarev ndinafunitsitsa kwambiri mu makumi anai Mu zaka zapitazo. Alyabiev nyimbo yabwino - "kanyumba", "nyumba za alendo", "Mudzi alonda" - zinalengedwa ndakatulo Ogarev. Long pamaso pa Kubwera kwa angadziwe ndi Dargomyzhsky Mussorgsky romances yakale ndisefukira mutu wa lochitira chikhalidwe. Wolemba ndakatulo ndi Wolemba anali amafananadi: kumangidwa ndiponso ukapolo, osachepera. Ngakhale Alyabyev anapirira zonsezi onse osalungama ndipo ngati ngozi, ndi Ogarev anali Albucasis kuima ndi konstitutsionistom, amene anali kuimbidwa mlandu ndi lamulo. Ogarev ndi Herzen, "belu", England - aliyense akudziwa ndi kukumbukira.

The atatu apitawa za zisudzo Alyabiev komanso malipenga maganizo lililonse wopanduka, ndi Shakespeare "Namondwe" ndi "Edwin Oscar" mu malemba a nthano zakale koltskih. Koma akuyenera wapadera mawu sewero la "Ammalat Bey" pa buku ndi Alexander Bestuzhev-Marly ndi chikondi kwa ndakatulo yake "mu Caucasus akhamukira mitambo." Iye anaphedwa mu Caucasus mu 1837-m, ndi imfa ili pafupi anakantha Alyabiev: anali kale anaphedwa atatu a akuyimba amakonda. Ndipo komabe - Alexander Pushkin, Griboyedov, Bestuzhev-Marly. Decembrist mzimu wopanduka Sichinatsitsidwe zitatha ntchito Wolemba a.

kukumbukira Bwererani

Yambani chilango cha ntchito kale samveka wa Aleksandra Alyabeva unachitikira m'chaka cha 1947. Ndiye konsati unapangidwa bungwe ku Moscow Philharmonic, zomwe zimaimbidwa kuposa zaka zana a wathunthu anaiwalika "Kusiyana kwa zeze ndi Orchestra", "The Third chingwe anai" ndi kum'sangalatsa awiri loimba. bwino kunali kwakukulu! Kukwezeleza chipinda nyimbo Wolemba chinkhoswe mu oimba waukulu chonchi monga Gilels, Oistrakh, ndi magulu - dzina lake Sveshnikov Choir, State Beethoven anai.

Kuyambira 1949, ntchito lofalitsidwa simunayambe lofalitsidwa Alyabiev, poyamba limasonyeza mawanga wakhungu mbiri yake. kumvetsa ndi udindo waukulu umene iye anachita mbiri ya Russian luso loimba. Chinthu chidwi kwambiri kuti yachokera osiyana kupitiriza kupeza ntchito zake osadziwika. Monga ulendo anapitiriza yaitali ake ndi malo a yaikulu awo, angagwe ndiponso kutulukira zambiri za ndondomeko zimenezi.