Zithunzi Anatoly Zverev (wojambula)

Kumapeto kwa May 2015 Museum wa Russian wojambula Anatoliya Timofeevicha Zvereva chinamasulidwa mu Moscow. Pamaso kuti panapita zisudzo ikuluikulu zoyenera ntchito ya mbuye, adayamba anasonyeza ntchito zambiri za thupi okhometsa payekha.

Ngakhale kuchuluka zosaneneka za Matchalitchi onyenga Anatoly Zverev zopezeka pa amagulitsa nsombazo zapamwamba luso yofanana ndi chimbale cha zokoperazo, mabuku, kuphunzira ntchito yake ndi chokumbukira iye. Ndipo Mulimonse ngati ndi chikhalidwe cha chotulukira, ngakhale kwa anthu amene akhala chidwi zilandiridwenso Zvereva ndi makhalidwe amenewa.

Creation yonena

Iye anakhala zaka 55, amene anatha pafupifupi mosalekeza mu Moscow - mzinda, gawo la zochitika zomwe wakhala nthano ya chithunzicho - wosakhazikika wongoyendayenda, chosadzikonda eccentric, galasi ndi kulenga mwaluso, ndi kudzikonda anaphunzitsa namatetule, mutu mowa ndi schizophrenic kupatsidwa Mulungu akutsogolerani. nthano imeneyi akuoneka kotero lonyezimira chokongoletsera chongosangalatsa wa tsiku ndi tsiku, kuti nawo chilengedwe cha anthu ambiri - amene zolinga chikondi, chifukwa cha cholinga cha phindu zazing'ono. A chifukwa chachikulu nthano okongola ndi nkhani mchere - iye Anatoly Zverev, amene zojambula - umboni wa talente wosangalatsa padera mu chikhalidwe mosadziletsa.

choonadi kuti?

Kumvetsa pamene zopeka, ndi kumene mfundo, izo zimakhala kovuta ngakhale zikamera wa ambiri a Maulendo a m'nthawi, amasulidwe mabuku atsopano ndi mafilimu. Mwina si koyenera kuti choonadi, kukumba tsatanetsatane, poganiza mmene anakhala Zverev Anatoliy Timofeevich, - zojambula ndi mapepala likutipatsa, ana otsala mtengo yaikulu? Ndithudi, izo ziri. Koma Zverev ntchito m'njira yapadera wogwirizana umunthu wake, ndi abwenzi ake ndi Iye adayandikira, kumbukirani ndondomeko ya kulenga zojambula monga ntchito oona, amene ali ndi phindu palokha kuchita luso. Kungakhale chisoni ndi maganizo molakwika za izo kapena analibe chifaniziro.

Mwamwayi, mphamvu dziko la analenga zabwino komanso distinguishable kwa iwo luso lalikulu, walola kuti asa- chithunzi choona Anatoliya Zvereva, kumvetsa lonse woona ndi kuvuta talente kwambiri, zovuta za ufulu pansi kuthamanga kwa analimbitsa simenti limodzi mfundo akulamulira.

galasi kudziona chithunzi

Mu ntchito kufufuza adzadziwire wotchedwa Anatoly Zverev, chithunzi iwo penti, inu mukhoza kupeza maganizo akuti Buku lina amati zikutsimikiziridwa ndi chiwerengero chachikulu cha kudzikonda zithunzi, analemba nthawi zosiyana kwambiri. Mwina, zinali chibadidwe khalidwe la Rembrandt makamaka Van Gogh, amene chikoka amamvekera zojambula ndi Zverev. Iye anayamba kuyang'ana mu yekha kuyambira ubwana, kuchokera nthawi imene luso mphunzitsi sekondale Nikolay Vasilevich Sinitsyn bwino ndizosowa luso zojambula ndi zithunzi, ntchito yophunzitsa anali mwachidule ndi unsystematic: PTU, zapaderazi zojambula-alfreyschik, kwa nthawi yochepa pa Art ndi Industrial School . 1905 makalasi pa luso situdiyo akuluakulu - ziri zake zonse "sukulu".

Mwina ndicho chifukwa panali nthawi zonse anthu ambiri amene amatchedwa Zverev ankachita masewera ndi anthu amene ngati zithunzi Anatoliya Zvereva, onani saidziwa bwino kokha mu kuyenda kudutsa ntchito ofooka - virtuosity Zverev ulemu ndi lodziwikiratu. Iwo amanena kuti mu moyo wake iye sanali vula zikondwerero chigoba, kutembenuzira chirichonse pozungulira mu malingaliro. Kudzikonda kwake zithunzi - komanso zisudzo, ndipo okha anakweza m'mphepete mwa chigoba, koma yokwanira kuyamba kukambirana za moyo ndi chikhalidwe.

"Ine zimalimbikitsa ..."

Ndicho chimene iye anapereka wina chithunzi - anali kudziŵa mphatso yake, ngati namatetule aliyense, ndipo iye anadziwa kuti chitsanzo chake chidzakhala mu nthawi, 'adzakhala moyo imeneyi ". Iwo amagwira ntchito ngati sewero cha khalidwe khalidwe la, koma mawu olondola ndi chomasuka chojambula; okhutira wa zithunzi zabwino voliyumu chidwi ndi kuya.

Amakhulupirira kuti pali nthawi ziwiri ntchito chithunzicho, ndipo kokha zithunzi Anatoly Zverev, zinalembedwa lisanathe 1950, kusonyeza woona namatetule mlingo Zverev. Mmodzi wa connoisseurs ake oona, wotchuka wokhometsa wa GD Kostaki, anamva kuti pambuyo pa zisudzo woyamba kunja Zverev anapita za anthu amene ankafuna kuti apeze izo, ndipo anakhala ngati wodziŵa, atakulitsa chiwembu limene analenga zithunzi wake. chithunzicho ananena kuti anali kugwira yekha mpaka 1959, kenako - pa chofunikira ena. Kudzitsitsa mosavuta anafotokoza ndi uchidakwa, ndi matenda amisala ...

Ndi kovuta kukhulupirira, kuyang'ana pa Mwachitsanzo, zithunzi K. M. Aseevoy - chikondi chatha ndipo imasonkhezera chithunzicho. Kumene, Sindingachite kuchulukana - chifukwa cha kulemera kwa zolengedwa opepuka, zotsekemera wamkazi pakamwa pa chithunzi cha "zogulitsa" ngati kutchula analemekeza luso kutsutsa. Koma yabwino wamkazi zithunzi za usiku, osati nsima zooneka ndi woona kukongola. Mu zimene anaganiza kuti anali waukulu khalidwe Zvereva munthu: iye ndi zonse zabwino, ngakhale chikhalidwe makani a kulasa zambiri za tsoka. Zojambulazo wa wojambula Anatoly Zverev, wodzala ndi chifundo, iye alibe chilichonse caricature njiru, zithunzi wake, limene pali "anthu chachilendo" - zithunzi za zaumunthu woona.

Mpingo ndi paini

Pezani mawu a luso kutsutsa, yoyenera kwambiri Zverev, kuyesera kwa nthawi yaitali. Woyamba Russian zosonyeza - wotchedwa izo Kostaki. Zverev mwiniyo anatcha nthawi yabwino pamene anali "tashists", nadzinenera kuti iye anatulukira m'njira, osati mtundu wa Pollock. Zvereva Anatoliya zojambula za akatswiri yachilendo anakantha kupenta zake ufulu njira, atafika pa Moscow Chikondwerero Youth mu 1957 kuphunzitsa wandiweyani amisiri Soviet luso chabe.

Koma kumutcha iye woona umboni wojambula akanakhoza kokha luso lomwe zooneka maganizo luso la Khrushchev ndi anzake. Iwo ayenera tione chithunzi Anatoliya Zvereva "Pines. Nikolina Góra "(1968) kapena" mpingo "(1959), ndi kudziwa kuti ndi - ndi wochenjera ndipo virtuosic mbuye realist. Kuwonjezera akutumiza amphamvu maganizo, amphamvu luso anabadwa mu malo mbuye mwatsatanetsatane chidwi ndi kukongola mu nthawi HIV, kuwala ndi mpweya, ndipo mkokomo wa mphepo - onse n'chobadwa ambuye bwino kwa malo Russian - I. I. Levitanu, A. K. Savrasovu ntchito yake, mwa njira, ichi "mbuli ndi wovutitsa" ziri zodziwika bwino ndi ofunika kwambiri.

Zverev nyama zojambulajambula

Pakati pa admirers wa zilandiridwenso Zverev ambiri amene koposa zonse amaika ndandanda wake, ndipo mwa zojambula za - m'zinthu likutipatsa nyama zithunzi. Choncho, mndandanda wa anthu zinyama, anakhazikitsidwa mu 1952, anakhala tingachipeze powerenga za animalism.
Inu mukhoza kukumana ndi "akatswiri" Zverev chitonzo: Ntchito ake sali ofunika chidwi, chifukwa iwo ali wopepuka pang'ono ntchito. Ndimakumbukira Pushkin a Salieri, amene adakunyoza kumwamba, ali ndi mphatso namatetule "reveler zachabe." Koma bwanji ngati, pofuna kuwonetsa tcheru ndi liwiro la nswala kambuku, Zverev muyenera mzere umodzi wokha ndipo chiwerengero cha mkwapulo? Kireni wake wachisomo ofanana kalata kudzikondweretsa ndi maso Doe - pang'ono kumatheka pensulo Kankhani, koma kuwachitira ndi makhalidwe iwo akhoza kukhala wopandamalire.

Chidwi zojambula Anatoly Zverev - zojambulajambula, amene ankakhulupirira kuti galu kutenga Iye za iye, amene anasiya zingapo "zithunzi" poodle Fili, Russian greyhound dzina lake Ulan ndi zina wake "abwenzi." Mwina iye afika iwo kulankhulana maganizo, kumene analibe anthu okwanira mu dziko?

Illustrator

Komabe, akhoza adzaikidwa mu njira ya wandiweyani kudziona anaphunzitsa, ngati bwinobwino ankadziwa mndandanda wa Tretyakov Gallery, ngati pobwereza a "Eugene Onegin", ngati mukukumbukira nzeru zake ndi zolankhula aphoristic? Zonsezi simungathe kulingalira popanda zolankhulirana padziko lonse ndi chikhalidwe cha dziko.

"Gogoliada" mafanizo maphwando a Andersen ndi nthano, ku "Golden Bulu" Apuleius, ndi wina mafano ankakonda - Don Quixote - ntchito, osati kupanga kuonekera Makhalidwe mabuku maganizo lapadera pa dziko analengedwa ndi wolemba, chidwi kukambirana pa analeredwa ndi wolemba lathu.

Kukwaniritsa mphamvu ndi generalizations popanda kuganizira kwambiri ndipo patapita womdziwa cursory ndi ntchito za chiwembu Sizingakhale mwamtundu ndi kukhulupirira zongoganiza, unayambira wakumwamba, amene ali zithunzi ndi zojambula Zvereva. Anatoly T. ndi kovuta kuzindikira mtumiki wa Kumwamba, nayenso ochimwa ndipo kumulowetsa moyo wake, koma chifukwa ndi lofunika kuphunzira luso la zapamwamba dziko.

Russian ndi Russian Matisse Picasso

Chilili pa pedestal - ntchito zotheka nkhani okha. Kufufuza Picasso, amene amatchedwa Zverev bwino Russian zojambulajambula, nayenso overwritten. Kuti timvetse ubwino wake, ndi bwino kuganizira kuti adapempha mopanda namatetule ku dziko la chisunzo umboni, ndiponso n'zovuta kuyembekezera womdziwa okwanira kujambula Chirasha.

Koma lingaliro limeneli la Msipanishi kwambiri sikunathandize ndi kusinjirira aakulu, ngati kuona likutipatsa manyazi ndi wodzipereka kwa zojambula ake Zvereva. Anatoly T. ndi maganizo chipangizo kwa amai amene akhoza kumva chokumbukira m'nthawi. Ali kwambiri makhalidwe limaonetseratu ndi zochita zapadera mwachibale kwa kugonana fairer. Kapena kodi chabe chigoba kachiwiri? Aliyense mzere amapuma Zverev maliseche matupi mwachikondi woyengedwa kukongola komanso chiyembekezo zosangalatsa, zomwe ndi zofanana toyesa apamwamba a luso labwino.

Zverev ndi umboni

Iyo inali nthawi ya chidwi ndi chithunzi si wophiphiritsa, mkombero wotchuka Suprematist ntchito. Ndipo momwe aliyense angatchedwe wojambula amene mwachionekere si woyenera mu luso boma, ngati sindicho? Zimenezi zinanenedwa ndi moyo, ndi zojambula Zvereva.

Anatolia ndi West ankaona chizindikiro cha Chachiwiri Russian avant-garde, mbendera yake. Ndipo iye ankachita chidwi wake woyera abstraction zakanthawi, dziko lake, sipangakhalenso popanda moona konkire: anthu, nyama zinthu, chikhalidwe - sakanakhoza kukhala popanda zikukwaniritsa mogwirizana kaya moyo kapena zaluso.

Akale ndi tsogolo

Mu Moscow pali zinthu zakale ambiri odzipereka kwa wojambula limodzi. Tsopano pali kanjedza odzipereka ndi lodziwika bwino monga Anatoly Zverev. Zojambula, zithunzi, makanema - zonse izi zidzathandiza kuti kupeza chodabwitsa latsopano la achinyamata, kuphunzira mbali watsopano ndalama ndi makhalidwe omwe iye - Moscow nthano. Nthano ya kuipidwa, ungwiro, omvetsa chisoni, ofooka ndi wamphamvuzonse mwamuna ndi luntha lake.