Wokutira utoto: zoyimira ndi njira ntchito

❖ kuyanika utoto ntchito lero m'madera osiyanasiyana, chifukwa amakhala ndi ubwino zambiri. Chimodzi mwa zinthu zazikulu kuonetsetsa zonse ubwino ndi ntchito olondola, ndicho chifukwa chake kuli kofunika kudziwa zomwe zokutira awa, ngati iwo ali bwino ntchito.

Ndi chiyani icho?

❖ kuyanika utoto akuimira anapanga utoto filimu zinthu anakaika pa pamwamba ena. Iwo akhoza kupangidwa pa zipangizo zosiyanasiyana. Chimodzimodzi mankhwala njira imene utoto ❖ kuyanika anapanga, muli, kwenikweni, kuyanika, kenako kutsiriza solidification zakuthupi ntchito.

Ntchito yaikulu ya zokutira awa ndi kupereka chitetezo lenileni kuchokera kuwonongeka ndi pamalo alionse yopatsa wokongola maonekedwe ndi kapangidwe.

mitundu

Malinga utoto katundu ntchito akhale amodzi a mitundu zotsatirazi: madzi, mafuta zosagwira, nyengo zosagwira, kutentha zosagwira, mankhwala kugonjetsedwa, kusamala, magetsi, komanso cholinga chapadera. Dama ndi subtypes zotsatirazi:

• Antifouling utoto (GOST P 51164-98, ndi ena) ndi zinthu zofunika mu makampani sitimayo. Ndi kuti kumatha chiopsezo fouling mbali m'madzi ngalawa, komanso mitundu yonse ya nyumba hayidiroliki algae aliyense, barnacles, tizilombo kapena zinthu zina.
• Chimawala ❖ kuyanika utoto (GOST P 41.104-2002 ndi ena). Amatha kuti luminescence m'dera owoneka a sipekitiramu mu kukhalapo kukhudzana ndi poizoni kuwala.
• Kutentha-tcheru. Amakulolani kusintha kuwala kapena mtundu wa kuwala pamaso pa kutentha makamaka.
• Lawi retardants, malawi wamtundu uliwonse umene kupewa kapena kupatula kuthekera kukhudzana ndi kutentha otetezedwa padziko.
• Antinoise. Kupereka chitetezo malowedwe mafunde abwino kudzera pamwamba.

Malinga ndi maonekedwe a utoto mwina wa mmodzi wa magulu asanu ndi awiri, omwe ali zikuchokera wapadera ndi chikhalidwe mankhwala filimu kale.

zipangizo

Total kugwiritsa ntchito mitundu yambiri ya zipangizo, zochokera:

• thermoplastic filimu Omwe;
• thermosetting filimu kale;
• masamba mafuta;
• kusinthidwa mafuta.

zokutira onse amene ali pamwambawa ankagwiritsa ntchito lero pafupifupi muzochitika za chuma cha dziko, komanso kuchuluka kunyumba.

ziwerengero

Mu dziko chimabweretsa chaka chilichonse matani oposa 100 miliyoni utoto ndi varnish zipangizo, ndi oposa theka la okwana ndalama zimenezi ntchito m'munda wa luso lopanga, pamene kotala ntchito yomanga ndi kukonza.

Kupanga zokutira, amene ndiye ntchito yokongola pogwiritsa ntchito yopanga luso wophweka kwambiri, zimene makamaka idzagwiritsa ntchito ngati maziko a wothandizila ngati filimu-n'kupanga monga dispersions amadzimadzi polyvinyl nthochi, casein, acrylics ndi zina zigawo zikuluzikulu ofanana zochokera galasi madzi.

Advantageously ambiri a milandu, zokutira amenewa amapangidwa ndi kutsatira mfundo zapadera mu zigawo angapo, potero kukwaniritsa ntchito apamwamba zotheka chitetezo cha pamwamba kutetezedwa. Kwenikweni, makulidwe awo ranges ku microns 3 mpaka 30, momwe chifukwa milingo ngati otsika mokwanira kwambiri akulephera makulidwe mtima utoto mu malo zoweta, pamene palibe kuthekera ntchito makina apadera.

zokutira Special

Kuti mupeze Mipikisano wosanjikiza ❖ kuyanika zoteteza, anapanga ntchito zigawo zingapo zofunika osiyanasiyana, ndi aliyense wosanjikiza ali ndi ntchito yeniyeni.

Chipangizo kukayezetsa utoto filimu umagwiritsidwa kuti atsimikizire katundu wa wosanjikiza m'munsi monga atetezedwe chachikulu, guluu wolimba kwa gawo lapansi, retardation electrochemical dzimbiri ndi ena.

❖ kuyanika amene amathandiza mbali pazipita chitetezo pazikhalanso angapo zigawo zikuluzikulu:

• putty;
• phunziroli;
• mankwala wosanjikiza;
• ku zigawo wina atatu enamel.

Nthawi zina, ngati utoto ❖ kuyanika kutsimikizira chipangizo anasonyeza makhalidwe osagwira mwina zina lingagwiritsidwe varnish, limene anapereka katundu bwino zoteteza komanso zina zokongoletsera. Pokonza mandala lacquer ❖ kuyanika zapita ntchito mwachindunji pamwamba pa nkhanizi, zomwe zifunika amateteza pazipita.

kupanga

The ndondomeko zamakono, amene analandira kudzera zokutira zovuta, zikuphatikizapo angapo dazeni wotuluka osiyana zokhudza zimaonekera lokonzekera, mafunsidwe kupenta chuma, kuyanika ndi wozengereza processing wapakatikati.

Kusankha njira inayake mwachindunji kumadalira mtundu wa zipangizo ntchito ndi zikhalidwe ikugwira ntchito mwa pamwamba lokha. Komanso, amaganizira mawonekedwe ndi kukula kwa chinthu chomwe iwo chagwiritsidwa. Khalidwe la kukonzekera pamwamba asanayambe ntchito utoto, ndi kusankha molondola utoto ntchito kwambiri kudziwa zomatira mphamvu cha chuma, komanso durability ake.

Padziko kukonzekera zikuphatikizapo kukonza ndi dzanja kapena mphamvu chida, anawombera kabotolo kapena sandblasting, ndi processing ntchito wothandizila zosiyanasiyana mankhwala, imene imakhudza pa mndandanda wa ntchito:

- degreasing pamwamba. Mwachitsanzo, amanena za apadera njira processing amadzimadzi kapena zosakaniza monga surfactants ndi zina zina, mankhwala ndiponso kapena apadera emulsion chikukhudza mu zikuchokera madzi ake ndi zosungunulira organic.

- etching. Complete kuchotsa dzimbiri, lonse, ndi mapulogalamu ena dzimbiri kuchokera pamwamba kutetezedwa. Mu namtindi wa milandu, njirayi imagwiridwa pokhapokha afufuze momwe galimoto paintwork zinachitikadi, kapena mankhwala ena.

- Kugwiritsa ntchito zigawo kutembenuka. Umafuna kusintha chikhalidwe chapachiyambi cha padziko ndi amagwiritsidwa ntchito kawirikawiri pamene muyenera kulenga zokutira zovuta ndi moyo wautali utumiki. Makamaka izi zikuphatikiza phosphating ndi makutidwe ndi okosijeni (nthawi zambiri, njira zaphindu kwa electrochemically pa anode a).

- Mapangidwe zitsulo boma zigawo-. Izi zikuphatikizapo nthaka-plating ndi cadmium-plating (makamaka pogwiritsa ntchito njira electrochemical pa cathode a). Pamwamba mankhwala ntchito mankhwala ali makamaka ikuchitika kumiza kapena kuthira mankhwala apadera ntchito njira mu makina kwathunthu kapena makina conveyor ochekenera. Kaya amene mitundu ya zokutira ntchito, ntchito wothandizila mankhwala walola kuti tikwaniritse apamwamba padziko kukonzekera, koma izi kumaphatikizapo kusamba zina ndi madzi otentha ndi kuumitsa pamwamba.

Kodi ntchito zokutira madzi?

Pambuyo popanga zipangizo amasankhidwa ndi kufufuzidwa khalidwe la ❖ kuyanika amasankhidwa njira kugwiritsa ntchito pamwamba, kumene kuli zingapo:

• Buku. Izo ntchito penti zinthu zosiyanasiyana lalikulu-kakulidwe, komanso kukonza zoweta ndi kuchotsa mitundu yonse ya zopindika kunyumba. Ndizovomereka kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala utoto zachilengedwe kuyanika.
• mpukutuwo. Makina ntchito, omwe amapereka ntchito dongosolo wodzigudubuza. Izo ntchito zipangizo ❖ kuyanika zinthu mosabisa monga mafilimu polima, pepala ndi youmba katundu, zikatoni, pepala ndi ena ambiri.
• inkjet. workpiece The ikuchitika kudzera wapadera "chophimba" zakuthupi zogwirizana. Mwa luso ngati ingagwiritsidwe ntchito utoto ❖ kuyanika makina, zipangizo zosiyanasiyana zapakhomo ndiponso nambala ya mankhwala ena, ndi mbali munthu kawirikawiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito nsalu ❖ kuyanika, pamene chochuluka kukonzedwa mankhwala lathyathyathya monga pepala zitsulo, ndi zinthu chishango cha mipando ndi zina .

Akusunsa ndi ikuyenda njira ❖ kuyanika zipindula nthawi zambiri si zachilendo ntchito kuti ntchito zigawo za utoto pa nkhani streamlined mawonekedwe ndi yosalala pamwamba ngati kuli kofunika kujambula iwo mu mtundu wina. Pakuti yokonza zokutira ndi yunifolomu makulidwe popanda sagging kapena Madontho, pambuyo penti mankhwala nthawi zina anali nthunzi zosungunulira kudza mwachindunji kwa kuyanika m'chipinda. Apa n'kofunika kufotokoza moyenera kakakulu ❖ kuyanika utoto.

Akusunsa mu kusamba

Ochiritsira lacquer ❖ kuyanika bwino anapitiriza padziko pambuyo mankhwala atachotsedwa kusamba pambuyo wetting. Ngati tikambirana zipangizo madzi ofalitsidwa, pali ntchito akusunsa chemo-, magetsi termoosazhdeniem. Mogwirizana ndi chizindikiro cha mtengo wa pamwamba umene mankhwala, ndipo zimasiyanasiyana anoforeticheskoe-cathode electrodeposition.

Pamene ntchito luso cathode zokutira amenewa analandira amene mokwanira mkulu dzimbiri kukana, pamene ambiri ntchito electrodeposition umisiri kukwaniritsa ogwira dzimbiri chitetezo cha m'mbali ndi mfundo mankhwala pachimake komanso cavities mkati ndi welds. Only mbali zosasangalatsa njira imeneyi ndiye kuti umagwiritsidwa ntchito iyi yokha wosanjikiza umodzi wa chuma wosanjikiza woyamba ndi insulator kungatithandize wotsatira electrodeposition. Komanso Dziwani n'chakuti njira izi zikhoza pamodzi kale ntchito yapadera porous mkate anapangidwa kuchokera slurry filimu kale.

Pamene ntchito hemoosazhdenii kupezeka utoto zinthu wapangidwa oxidants zosiyanasiyana. Pa zikuyendera mogwirizana ndi gawo lapansi zitsulo anapanga adalira ndende mokwanira mkulu wa ayoni yeniyeni multivalent, yomwe imapereka coagulation zigawo pamwamba pa chuma ntchito.

Pankhani ya ntchito termoosazhdeniya precipitate analenga padziko mkangano, ndipo imeneyi ndi otsegula utoto zinthu jekeseni apadera zowonjezera kutaya solubility mu nkhani ya magetsi.

kupopera

umisiri umenewu kufalitsidwa ku mitundu zitatu:

• Pneumatic. Zimatengera ntchito dispensers Buku kapena basi ndi utoto pistoletoobraznyh pa ^kutentha 20-85 C, amene anadyetsa pansi kuthamanga. Ntchito njira losiyana zokolola mokwanira mkulu, ndi kulola kukwaniritsa wabwino utoto zokutira kaya pamalo mawonekedwe.
• Hayidiroliki. Iwo ikuchitika opanikizika, amene analengedwa ndi mpope apadera.
• Aerosol. makatiriji ntchito wodzazidwa ndi chopopera ndi utoto. Malinga GOST paintwork magalimoto ndi ingagwiritsidwe ntchito njira imeneyi, ndi Komanso, ntchito mwakhama kupenta mipando ngakhalenso zosiyanasiyana zina.

Ndithu zofunika sangathe, amene amasiyana pafupifupi njira zonse zilipo sputtering ndi kukhalapo zomvetsa m'malo yokulirapo zakuthupi, monga aerosol entrained mpweya likhazikika pa makoma a chipinda ndi ntchito Woganiza. Tikumbukenso kuti zomvetsa pa Utsi angafikire 40%, chomwe chimayimira chithunzi m'malo kwambiri.

Kuti mwanjira kuchepetsa zomvetsa zimenezi, kugwiritsa ntchito luso kutsitsi mu wapadera mkulu-voteji munda magetsi. Particles nkhaniyo chifukwa kuŵala kwa m'mlengalenga kumaliseche kapena kuyang'anira kukhudzana adzapereke analandira, kenako anakaika pa mankhwala penti, amene Pankhaniyi akutumikira monga elekitirodi wa chizindikiro zosiyana. Kugwiritsa ntchito njira imeneyi n'kopindulitsa nthawi zambiri anatengedwa ntchito zokutira zosiyanasiyana multilayer pa zitsulo ndi pamalo osavuta, Pakati, makamaka munthu amatha kusiyanitsa matabwa kapena mapulasitiki ndi ❖ kuyanika ndi conductive.

Kodi ntchito zipangizo ufa?

Total amagwiritsa ntchito njira zitatu, amene anapanga ntchito zokutira mu mawonekedwe a ufa:

• kukonkha;
• kupopera;
• mafunsidwe pa kama fluidised.

mafunsidwe umisiri ŵakwenera kwambiri LMC adafuna ntchito mu ndondomeko ya mankhwala ochekenera mwachindunji pa mizere kupanga msonkhano, potero pa okwera kutentha zosagwira ❖ kuyanika anapanga zosiyana ogula mokwanira mkulu ndi katundu luso.

Komanso zokutira masinthidwe amtundu akamagwira zipangizo kamodzi ❖ kuyanika amene amapanga osakaniza ufa, dispersions kapena njira, Omwe film, si yodziwika ndi ngakhale thermodynamic. Yotsirizira zavuta kudziletsa delaminate pa evaporation wa zosungunulira wamba, kapena filimu zomwe zimapezeka pa Kutentha pamwamba kutentha zokolola.

Chifukwa wetting kusankha gawo lapansi filimu loyambalo lili patsogolo zigawo padziko zokutira, pamene lachiwiri, nayenso amawayamikira pansi. Choncho, multilayer ❖ kuyanika dongosolo.

Dziwani kuti luso m'dera lino zonse zilibwino ndi kuzikonzanso, pamene njira zakale kuiwalika. Makamaka izi utoto ❖ kuyanika (dongosolo 55) mogwirizana ndi GOST 6572-82 salinso imakhudzanso injini processing, mathirakitala ndi kudzikonda injini galimotoyo, ngakhale pamaso ntchito zake ankakonda kwambiri.

kuyanika

Kuyanika wa zokutira Akutsatira ikuchitika pa kutentha kwa ¹⁵ 25 ° C, mu nkhani ya sayansi ozizira kapena zachilengedwe, ndipo akhoza ikuchitika pa kutentha okwera ntchito "ng'anjo" njira.

Natural applicable zinachitikira utoto zochokera thermoplastic kudya kuyanika filimu kale ndipo iwo amene ndi nsinga unsaturated mu mamolekyulu pogwiritsa ntchito monga hardeners chinyezi kapena mpweya, monga polyurethane ndi alkyd resins. Komanso Dziwani kuti nthawi zambiri kuyanika zachilengedwe amapezeka mu nkhani ya zipangizo ziwiri zikuluzikulu zimene ntchito nthumwi akuchiritsa ikuchitika asanayambe ntchito.

Kuyanika zipangizo makampani Nthawi zambiri pa kutentha kwa 80 ^{160 °} C, ufa ndi zina zipangizo wapadera konse ndipo akhoza zouma kutentha kwa 320 ^C. Mwa kupanga zinthu zimenezi amaperekedwa mofulumira volatilization wa zosungunulira, ndipo ikuchitika wa binders zosiyanasiyana zotakasika thermosetting Mwachitsanzo, alkyd-melamine, alkyd ndi phenol-formaldehyde resins.

Wotchuka kwambiri thermosetting ❖ kuyanika umisiri ayenera zotsatirazi:

• Convective. mankhwala ndi usavutike mwa kufalitsidwa mpweya wotentha.
• THERMORADIATIVE. The cheza infuraredi ntchito monga gwero kutentha.
• Inductive. Pakuti kuyanika, mankhwala aikidwa mu alternating munda mu atomu.

Kuti mupeze zokutira zochokera oligomers unsaturated anapanga kugwiritsa ntchito luso monga mankhwala atadziŵa cheza ultraviolet kapena ma elekitironi zolimira.

njira zina

Pa kuyanika pali ya mankhwala zako ndi thupi kuti zimatsogolera ku chilengedwe cha kwambiri zokutira utoto. Makamaka zimenezi kuchotsa madzi ndi zosungunulira organic, wetting wa gawo lapansi, ndi polycondensation kapena polymerization, ngati ndi zotakasika filimu kale kupanga mtanda zogwirizana ma polima.

Kupanga zokutira kuchokera ku zipangizo ufa kumaphatikizapo kusungunuka chofunika particles osiyanasiyana filimu akale, komanso coalescence m'malovu unakhazikitsidwa ndi gawo lapansi wetting iwo. Komanso Dziwani kuti zinthu zina zofala kugwiritsa ntchito matenthedwe yochiritsa.

chithandizo wapakatikati

wapakatikati processing Khalidwe amapereka:

• Akupera ntchito zigawo abrasive zikopa m'munsi utoto kuchotsa zinthu dziko lililonse, komanso kupereka Chifunga ndi kusintha guluu wolimba pakati pa zigawo angapo.
• Kupukuta chapamwamba wosanjikiza phala ndi ntchito yapadera kuti zokutira analandira luster. Mwachitsanzo, yokonzera ndondomeko mtundu zimene zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pa processing wa matupi galimoto ndi kupanga degreasing, phosphating, kuzirala, kuyanika, priming ndi kuchiritsa pamwamba anatsatira kutsatira ndi sealant, phokoso ndi inhibiting nyimbo, komanso akugwira akadali angapo njira zina.

The katundu wa zokutira ndi waikamo mwa zikuchokera zipangizo ntchito, komanso dongosolo la ❖ kuyanika yokha.