Volga Bulgaria. Ischeznovshee State

Kupita ku dera lomwe tsopano wokwatibwa ndi anthu a dziko la Tatarstan ndi Republic Chuvash, anayamba pafupifupi 100 000 zapitazo, m'nyengo Paleolithic. Kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 9 ndipo m'zaka za m'ma 10, anaonekera choyamba ang'onoang'ono boma - Volga Bulgaria. Ndi ndithu nthawi yaitali anali olemera dziko yekha m'dera la kummawa kwa dziko la Ulaya. Mwina, Bulgars anali oyambirira Turkic gulu, amene pa Wamkulu Ataliatali anali m'gulu la patsogolo ku Ulaya.

Persian ndi Arab geographers Volga Bulgaria ankaona kumpoto Muslim dziko kwambiri mu dziko. mu dziko lino, tsiku la kukhazikitsidwa kwa Islam akuti ndi zaka 922. Iwo anali anatumiza kwa Caliph wa Baghdad mu mzinda wa Bolgar gulu la kazembe wa dziko m'tsogolo, imene inali omanga ndi alaliki a Chisilamu. Chifukwa chakuti boma nthawi zonse anaumiriza mnansi amphamvu, ndi Khazar Khanate, mfumu ya Bulgaria Almush anakakamizika kusintha kwa Islam ndi kukhala nzika yokhulupirika ya Caliph Bogdada. Motero iye anatha kulimbikitsa chitetezo cha dziko lawo, atakhala wothandizana naye kwa Arab Caliphate. Koma panali Bulgars, amene anakana kulowa Islam. gulu ili, lotsogoledwa ndi Prince Vyragom, kulekanitsidwa. Izi wafunsira maonekedwe a mtundu Chuvash. Kenako anthu Chikristu ndipo anakhala yekha anthu Orthodox Turkic.

Pa chitukuko, ndi Volga Bulgaria lakwaniritsa kwambiri. Malinga ndi magwero olembedwa a nthawi imeneyo, dziko lino otchedwa dziko la mizinda chikwi. Kumzinda waukulu imatengedwa Bilyar ndi Bulgaria, amene m'dera ake ndi anthu kuposa mizinda ya nthawi imeneyo, ngati London, Kiev, Paris, Novgorod. Mwachitsanzo, Bulgarians anali katatu lalikulu kuposa Paris. M'chigawo chapakati cha nyumba ya mfumu ndi towered Mosque. Kale pa nthawi imeneyo mumzinda zinamangidwa osambira ndi madzi. nyumba akhala anayika pa Kutentha ndi sewerage. Kuwonjezera pa pamwamba, boma umatchedwanso dziko maganizo. Ndipo amenewa mawu opanda pake. Apa akwaniritsa chitukuko chachikulu cha sayansi monga mankhwala, mbiri, masamu.

Pachimake Volga Bulgaria anafika pa nthawi ya ulamuliro wa Mtsogoleri wina wa Aarabu Gabdully Chelbir. Pa nthawi imeneyi, Bulgars anali wokongola amphamvu pa luso nkhondo. Izi zikugwirizana ndi mfundo kuti Volga Bulgars - yekha anthu amene akanathetsa asilikali a Genghis Khan mu 1223. Kenako, zaka Mongolia 13 anavutika anadzasokoneza boma Chibugariya. Only mu 1229, anasonkhanitsa mphamvu zake zonse kuyambira pa mtsinje Yaik (Ural), ku Mongolia anali wokhoza kuswa Bulgars ndi Polovtsy ndi n'kuyamba mofulumira kudzera m'dera la boma ndipo anali lenilenili mu 1936. Mbali ya Bulgars anathawa ndi anapeza malo ogona pa kalonga waukulu Vladimir.

Kale mu 1240 boma Chibugariya mbali ya Golden gulu. Kwa nthawi yaitali panali misa kugalukira wa Bulgars. Malinga MG Khudyakov, mapeto a chiyembekezo cha kubweranso kwa boma kale kuika looting mwa likulu - mzinda wa Bolgar - ndi kayendedwe ka pakati chikhalidwe ndi ndale Kazan. Kazan Khanate tsopano mwamphamvu mizu mayiko amenewa. Chikalatacho otsala anasinthira maulamuliro latsopano. Pang'onopang'ono izo zinalengedwa, mabanja wosanganiza Bulgars-Chitata, koma ana onse obadwa kumene amaonedwa ndi Chitata. Izo zinachitika, titero, "kuthetsa" ya anthu monga Bulgars, ndi zikamera wa latsopano - Volga Chitata.

Koma chinenero Chibugariya, anafa basi. Asayansi ambiri ayesetsa kupeza mu masiku ano mawu Chitata pang'ono, pafupi ndi chiyambi Bulgar. Komabe, m'pofunika kuganizira mtundu wina - Chuvash. Ngati inu mukumbukira, ili ndi gawo la gulu Turkic, amene si anatembenukira kwa Islam ndi anapatulidwa. Iwo amalankhula ndi chachikale chinkawavuta chinenero Turkic, amene sindiye zilankhulo zina. Ndipo pamene akuyerekeza mbiri yakale wa Volga Bulgars ndi chinenero Chuvash angapezeke ambiri mawu omwewo. Mwachidule, ndi chinenero Chuvash ndi pafupi kwa Bulgar.