Umuna limagwirira - izo ... The ndalama dongosolo: kuti amasulidwe ndalama mu makope ndi achire iwo kuchokera kufalitsidwa

M'dera la ndalama lamulo zinthu zofunika kwambiri zokhudza njira zachuma. Zikuphatikizapo akonzedwa yeniyeni ya zipangizo. Mmodzi wa iwo amachita monga limagwirira ndi umuna. lamulo limeneli akugwiritsa ntchito pa malamulo mosamalitsa centralized. Taganizirani mbali zake mwatsatanetsatane.

mwachidule

Malinga Art. 35 la Federal Chilamulo №86, ndi Lamulo ku Central Bank ntchito ngati makiyi a zachuma njira ya lamulo la chuma gawo ndi:

1. chiwongola dzanja pa ntchito.
2. Reserve zofunika.
3. ntchito Open msika.
4. Malo a sheya chilungamo.
5. Refinancing makampani ngongole.
6. kuwombola okhonda alowererepo.
7. Direct kachulukidwe malamulo.
8. Kukhazikitsa zochita za kuwonjezeka kusowa ndalama.

lamulo Financial amachita ngati chida kwambiri kwa kasamalidwe zachuma. Kulakwila limagwirira mmene zake zoipa pa boma la dongosolo la zachuma. Ichi ndi chifukwa, makamaka chakuti kwambiri amasulidwe ndalama Mwachitsanzo, kuyambitsa kufufuma, yafupika kugula mphamvu ya ndalama, depreciation likulu. Kupanda ndalama M'malo mwake, kumathandiza kuchepetsa akhwime zachuma, chifukwa omwe sanali malipiro mavuto.

Organization za kufalitsidwa ndalama

Iwo angathe kuchitidwa ndi ntchito banknotes. Pankhaniyi pali ndalama zolowa. kulamulira ndondomeko imagwiridwa ndi Bank wa Central. Mlatho woyenera ntchito mu ntchito ya umuna limagwirira. Iwo chili pa mlingo malamulo. Ponseponse anakhazikitsa kuti okhawo ichi chidzakhadzikitsidwa kukayankha zolemba ndi nthawi zina - Ndalama. Pa ndalama zolowa si yaing'ono chiwerengero ngakhale kuwerengetsera kuyendetsedwa ndi anthu. Ndi zosakwana 5-10%. zolowa mapulani kosathandiza. Ichi ndi chifukwa chakuti ndalama anazindikira mwa nthambi ya banki mabungwe ku Central Bank, malingana akumufuna. Iwo sangakhoze ntchito kuphimba kuchepekedwa bajeti. Pa nkhani imeneyi, banknote limagwirira umuna - ndi chida kusintha. Si womangidwa ndi zizindikiro zazikulu za citukuko ndi moyang'aniridwa okhwima yang'anira lapansi.

Limatchula za kukhazikitsa kwa

Umuna banknotes isiyana ndi kupanga ngongole boma kuti choyamba, wokhala bilu pa anthu, ntchito ngati wachifundo malamulo. Iwo salolera nawuza chidwi. ndalama zamakono zili ndi khalidwe ngongole. Pa nkhani imeneyi, nkhani banki kwenikweni musati amasiyana banknotes. Iwo amachita mbali yaikulu ya misa ya ndalama kupezeka. mabanki chapakati cha mayiko olemera nthawi zambiri ikuchitika osati kupanga ndi achire ndalama kuchokera kufalitsidwa. Iwo Komanso kamangidwe, kuteteza banknotes ndi counterfeiting. ngongole Old ayenera nthawi inathetsedwa. Izi makamaka chifukwa cha kusintha kwa njira njira zamakono. Ndi chitukuko cha mapulogalamu nkhondo kumakhaladi mosavuta banknotes achinyengo. Banki chapakati, wokhala boma yang'anira, ayenera yomweyo kuyankha zinthu zimenezi ndi kuwaletsa. Ntchito ya Bank ku Central sakhoza kulowa yothetsera ndi nkhani zina luso.

riziki

The banknotes sizisonyeza kuti iwo ali pansi pa chitetezero cha chuma zosiyanasiyana. Mwachitsanzo, iwo akhoza anapereka zitsulo zamtengo wapatali, golide ndi zina zotero. Izi zikupezeka mu lofalitsidwa mapepala bwino. Bank ku Central amachita monga amtengo chitetezo. Chifungulo cha nkhani zake, monga ulamuliro, nkhokwe, ngongole ku mabungwe banki pansi chikolecho kwa mafuko kapena mbiri kumangidwa boma. Osiyana m'mayiko osiyana njira adiresi nkhani zokhudza makonzedwe a banknotes. Komabe, mu Mulimonsemo, ali ndi yodalirika. Nthawi zambiri mu malamulo ndi chimafotokozera chikhalidwe cha kupereka ndi, chotero, malamulo mozungulira banknote kupanga.

Komanso

zida zosiyanasiyana mawerengedwe ntchito mu gawo ndalama. Monga mmodzi wa iwo amachita ndalama momasuka mpandadenga. Ndi chida amene ntchito amaloledwa osati m'mayiko amene anawalenga, komanso kupitirira. Mtundu wa ndalama alandirika ku mayiko onse amene kutembenuka ndi ikuchitika mu Cuma anthu. Thiabendazole angagwiritsidwe ntchito zosiyanasiyana anapezazo, popanda zofooka aliyense kupatulapo amene anakhazikitsa boma kuteteza chuma cha charo mwini. Njira ya ndalama izi udzakhazikika yekha mu chimango cha mtima lotseguka. State mwina chongopeka kuchepetsa mtengo wa ndalama dziko. Monga akhoza kuchita monga mmodzi wa chomveka mungachite kuti alowererepo ndalama phukusi la ku Central Bank. Komabe, mu nkhani iyi, kokha njira msika yokhudza kuchuluka kotunga ndalama pa katundu kuwombola, zimene zimachititsa ndalama zawo angagwiritsidwe ntchito.

wotuluka cashless

Iye ndi vuto achindunji kwambiri. Banki chapakati wafa osasiya kwenikweni kapena okhawo ofunda pa yakumadzulo / o limagwirira umuna. Izi anawonetseredwa mu izi. nyumba Financial anakaika pa nkhokwe banki chapakati makamaka chofunika. Lamulo limeneli la boma, zonse. Ang'onoang'ono gawo la madipoziti ndi njira ntchito kudula. kukula ndi zambiri osapitirira 30-50% ya muyezo wa Bank ku Central, ndi zina zochepa.

nkhani Non-ndalama si boma yang'anira. Other mabanki amathanso mawonekedwe misa ya ndalama ndi chimodzimodzi njira monga ku Central Bank. Komabe, kusiyana kwagona kuti nyumba malonda limagwirira umuna ngati - chida cha chitukuko cha ntchito yake. CBA amazigwiritsa ntchito kupanda chomwecho mwa njira zonse liquidity dongosolo banki. Analysis bwino yang'anira zimaonekeratu kuti chiwerengero chake yakumadzulo / umuna ndi negligible poyerekeza ndi mabungwe ena azachuma.

kukhazikitsa othandiza

Taganizirani mayikidwe a sheya. Malinga ndi Civil Code, monga iwo akuzindikiridwa zikalata zikalata katundu ufulu, kutengerapo kapena kukwaniritsidwa kwa amene ankaloledwa ngati ulaliki wawo. Sheya udzakhazikitsidwadi kukhala ndi mawonekedwe ndi mfundo kumanga. Kuzindikira zolembedwa ikuchitika pa kuphana choyambirira. Monga ndalama ndi issuers zinthu monga ophunzira ofunika msika. Chiganizo otsiriza anatsimikiza akamavutika kupeza chuma. Ndalama, nawonso, kufunafuna zinthu yabwino kwa kukhazikitsa chilungamo. Choncho, iwo apanga akumufuna.

msika chachikulu

Iwo anapanga yolimbikitsa ya ndalama zilipo ndi pakuika iwo mu chuma. Komabe, osati timapitiriza kudzikundikira lonse mu dongosolo dziko zachuma. Mu Kugawilidwa kwanthaka msika yaikulu ya chuma ikuchitika ndi muzochitika zachuma ndi nthambi. Monga kuyika mayeso akutumikira phindu kuti abweretse sheya. Zimenezi, zikutanthauza kuti ndalama allocated kuti kumabungwe a zachuma ndi ogwira ntchito, amene amathandiza maximization ndalama. msika chachikulu, chotero wokhala de A facto yang'anira a dongosolo dziko zachuma. Issuers kungakhale mizinda yambiri, boma. Udindo wa gulu lililonse anatsimikiza ndi boma la chuma ndi msinkhu wonse wa chitukuko. Matenda kuchepekedwa bajeti chimachititsa patsogolo udindo wa boma ku msika.

magawo

The umuna wa masheya izi ikuchitika ndi mabizinezi mu ndondomeko ya chilengedwe chonse, kuchuluka kwa kukula kwa hayala likulu lawo kapena kukopa zinthu zina. Ndondomeko yaikulu mu mtima kutaya magawo kwa ndalama - eni choyamba. nkhani imeneyi panthawi ya kukhazikitsidwa kwa kampani kapena ndi kuwonjezeka mu likulu lake udindo. Ndalama popezera mpata zimatheka ndi kulenga kumangigwa.

The njira yaikulu

Nkhani yaikulu amapangidwa m'njira zotsatirazi:

1. Poyera (poyera). Pankhaniyi, mayikidwe a ikuchitika pakati mopanda malire ndalama. kampaniyo akulengeza poyera mwambo adziwitse mwa ndawala malonda ndi kulembetsa wa prospectus lapansi.
2. Tatseka. Nkhani imeneyi imatchedwa payekha. Pankhaniyi kampani chiyani musanene zolinga zake poyera. Malawi ndiye zikuchitidwa owerengeka ndalama (500) kapena ndalama osati choposa zikwi 50. SMIC.

Pangani madipoziti

Zochita Nthawi zambiri ntchito nkhani ngongole. Bwaloli kuwonjezeka mu unyinji wa ndalama ndi banki chifukwa mapangidwe madipoziti latsopano kwa makasitomala amene ndalandira kwa iye ngongole. Chilengedwe zimene munthu limagwirira umuna chifukwa kukwaniritsidwa kumabungwe ngongole kwa chakuti nkhokwe owonjezera Sikuti kusunga mu anawasema lapansi. Iwo akhoza inasanduka ndalama weniweni. Kuti tichite zimenezi, muyenera kukambirana ndi borrowers kuti Angawasandutse ndalama monga anthu amene mu nthawi yawo apanga nkhani zawo. Mwa njira imeneyi, anthu amene ali ndi ngongole zikhoza kukhala zabwino monga ndalama. Kuti tichite zimenezi, wobwereka ayenera kupereka malangizo kwa Bank kulipira ngongole zawo chifukwa. Popeza madipoziti ali oyenera malipiro pogula zinthu, iwo ali, kwenikweni, palibe kusiyana kwa ndalama.

gulu la madipoziti

Mu mabanki lero yoperekedwa madipoziti:

1. Open ndalama eni.
2. Ndi bungwe ndalama makonzedwe a ngongole.

Monga maziko omaliza zotsala nkhokwe. Pambuyo angapo banki mavuto ndi aakulu azachuma vuto. yankho lake linali chilengedwe cha dongosolo dziko malo. mfundo zake maziko kapangidwe ka nchito banki m'mayiko ambiri, kuphatikizapo Russia. dongosolo zachokera centralization ena kuchuluka kwa ndalama mabungwe malonda ndalama ndalama zapadera. Ufulu kutaya iwo a Bank wa Central. Iwo amakhazikitsa mfundo kwa amachotsera mokakamizidwa ndikusunga. Iwo anafotokozedwa monga% kuchuluka okwana ndalama unachitikira ku nkhani banki m'gulu la mitundu yosiyanasiyana.

Pomaliza

Monga mmodzi mwa mbali yaikulu ya mayiko capitalist ndalama wolunjika dongosolo ndi kusapezeka pafupifupi wathunthu wa Chigawo zolowa banknote ndi b / N. Amatanthauza magulu onse ali ofanana kugula mphamvu. Kusintha pa njira banknote cashless wabwino zosowa zenizeni za mabungwe malonda. Chifukwa cha zimenezi, ulamuliro ikuchitika mu njira misa, osati zigawo zake payekha. Likuvutika umodzi wa mankhwala, mogwirizana kwa misika ndalama, mafakitale ndi malonda, chiwongola dzanja kukhala yang'anira wa ntchito entrepreneurial. Choncho, boma limapezeka wogwira mtima chida ndalama. Malamulo ndi okhawo limabweretsa Bank wa Central. Ichi ndi chifukwa zifukwa zingapo. Zimayambitsa waukulu ndi okhawo mokomera Bank ku Central muyenera kupewa nkhanza ndi kulimbikitsa kuzindikira limodzi mfundo zachuma ngongole.