Tula, zokopa ndi malo alendo: chithunzi ndi kufotokoza mwachidule

Pamene kuganizira kuyenda kwa Russia ayenera kwenikweni muphatikizidwe mu dongosolo la Tula. Zosangalatsa ndi njira alendo kudutsa mumzinda uwu, adzakhala osangalatsa akulu ndi ana alendo ndi Russia.

History mwachidule

magwero ofunda zolembedwa ponena Tula, pachibwenzi 1146 chaka. Kamangidwe, chikhalidwe ndi mbiri yakale cholowa cha mzinda amakhala olemera. Komabe, mudzi, anakumana osati kuyanga, komanso nthawi ya mavuto a mbiri.

Mu 1382, iwo anadziwa za mbiri anapeza, Tula anawonongedwa pa nkhondo ya Khan Tokhtamysh. Ife sitimangotseka kuno Tartars Zolotaya Orda. Mu ulamuliro wa Ivan III mzinda anayamba Udindo monga Moscow ukulu. Ndipo m'zaka za m'ma 17 iwo unagonjetsedwa ndi Ivan Bolotnikov.

Mu ulamuliro wa Mfumu Alexei Mikhailovich kachiwiri Tula amphamvu, chifukwa pali kupanga lotseguka manja. Pambuyo pa zaka wina Peter ndinaganiza kuti chinali fakitale zida akutsegula mu Tula. Chotero inamangidwa Nikita Demidov.

mbali chidwi

Mu ulendo wanu m'gulu Tula? Zosangalatsa ndi njira alendo kuzungulira mzindawo kuthandiza Dziŵani malo amenewa kalelo, lero kudziwika padziko lonse. Koma mu masiku akale, zinthu pang'ono osiyana, umboni ndi dzina chabe mudzi. Philologists kuti dzinali linali anachokera ku mawu akuti "Zatula", kutanthauza chobisika, malo obisika.

Choncho dzina la mtsinje anapita, ukuyenda mu nkhalango namwali. Ndipo lero iwo ali anapitiriza dzina mbiri - Tulitsa. Koma pa waterway ndipo kenako wotchedwa msasawu anathyola magombe ake.

Atapitirira njira alendo a Tula, apaulendo amaphunzira kuti mzinda chidwi cha anthu mu mphamvu 1146 pamene adafuna kutipulumutsa kwa adani a Novgorod-Seversky Prince. Choyamba anapita vyatichi, ndipo kuchokera kumeneko Tula, komwe anaganiza kusonkhanitsa msonkho kugonjera dziko pafupi yokha. Choncho, kutchula koyamba olembedwa a m'mudzi kale. Ndipo tsopano, komabe bwinobwino Tula anaonekera mu chaka chomwe.

mbiri zina

Baibulo lina mmene mudzi anadza kwa kutchuka, zikugwirizana ndi mbiri yakale wa Chitata ndi mkazi wa Khan. Kuyang'ana pozungulira zowoneka za Tula mu tsiku lina, apaulendo adzamva nthano, mkazi Khan anamupatsa dzina lakuti Taydula. Zinali apa ndi apo linali dzina la kukagawira.

Patapita nthawi iye anadza ku malo a Prince Oleg, ndipo kenako anaonekera wotchedwa Dmitry Donskoy.

Tanthauzo njira

Mu masiku akale, Tula sanali osiyana ndi midzi ina yapafupi. Zinali yaing'ono, koma kwa mdani kumbuyo ndende. Pa anthu oyambirira anakakhala pa kakang'ono anapanga Tulitsa ndi Upoy.

City anasamuka akalonga Ryazan wa Moscow, koma linalandira ufulu. Tula m'pamene pamalo abwino zofunika, chifukwa linga anamanga pano analola kuteteza njira kum'mwera. N'chifukwa chake ndi wolemera mu mbiri asilikali, wotchuka Tula njira. Zosangalatsa ndi alendo kukopa mfundo - ndi munda womwe unali nkhondo ya Kulikov, Chichitikireni zimenezi zinachitika pafupi tauni. nkhondo zofunika chinachitika mu 1380.

Tula Kremlin

Ngati ulendo ali m'gulu Tula, zokopa ndi malo alendo kuchita popanda chikondi kuyenda ndi boma la Russia m'deralo. Ndipo masiku ano ndi yofunika wakale yomanga ikuoneka, kusonyeza apamwamba a zomangamanga matabwa, amene akatswiri ena akukhala mu izi amisiri malo m'badwo.

Kremlin - ngati chidole, ndipo kukongola kwake sasiya osayanjanitsika. Iwo analembedwa m'ma 16, pamene Russia ankafunika linga, womwe kuthandiza kuteteza ndi Crimea Chitata. Today yomanga watha kusewera ndi kufunika njira, koma ngati chizindikiro cha mzinda, kukopa alendo chidwi ochokera m'mayiko osiyanasiyana.

Choyamba, boma la Russia inamangidwa pa msewu waukulu, umene anatenga dzina Muravskaya Way. Kuti anapita Crimea pankhondo mtundu tizidalira zofunkha wolemera. Izo zinachitika kuti chitetezo anali ofooka kwambiri mudzi, ndi kukonzanso anamangapo Nyumba pa gombe lamanzere, si nkhani kwa madzi osefukira.

Ngati ulendo wanu anali Tula, zokopa alendo ndi njira kwenikweni kugwira munthu chidwi ndi kugombe la Upa, nisin Rzhevsk Gati, komanso lofunika kwambiri kwa mfundo lankhondo la maganizo a mphambano ya Upoy Murawski Shlyach.

Yokonzanso ndi kubwezeretsa kwa boma la Russia

Popeza pomanga akale, si monga likufa kukonzanso. Makamaka, kukonza wakhala anayamba ndi njira imene Catherine II mu 1784. Popeza Mfumukazi sanali patsogolo ogwira ntchito yosungira maonekedwe a dongosolo la, boma la Russia masiku ano mosiyana ndi wina anali zapitazo.

kukonzanso wina wakhala unayamba mu zaka 1820. Izo zinali ndiye chokongoletsedwa ndi domes matabwa chimphika. Komabe, iwo ankakhala pasanathe zaka. Kale m'zaka za m'ma XX nyumba yonse ndi outbuildings ndi malo ena owonjezera anali pafupi kugwa. Pa nthawi imeneyo, chofunika, wokongola ndi mbiri yakale kwambiri nyumba osati anaonekera m'chipululu, koma inasanduka mzinda zonyasa. gawo sichinayambe kutsukidwa, ndi ndiye abverana kuti amange m'bwaloli. Kremlin ndi pafupi ndi kutentha zovuta ndi ogontha mpanda fakitale.

kusintha kwambiri mbiri ya Tula Kremlin zinachitika mu 1948 pamene boma la Soviet anaganiza kwawo. Ntchito kulembedwa mu 1957, kubwezeretsa battlements ndi zipata. Mu 1975 nayamba kubwezeretsa Cathedral wa Akukwera.

Ngati anakonza ulendo sakhalitsa mzinda wakale, onani zowoneka za Tula angakhale mwachidule kuyendera boma la Russia gawo. Ndi apa kuti onse chidwi kwambiri ndi kwambiri mawu a mbiri.

Mpingo wa khumi ndi awiriwo Atumwi

Ngati inu kufufuza kuona ndi dera Tula, muona kuti pali mipingo yambiri. Zilinso oipitsitsa zinthu m'zaka za m'ma mochedwa 19, umene uli makamaka zodabwitsa pamene inu muyang'ana pa mapu, ndi malo kwenikweni chachikulu, ndithu kuli anthu ndi anthu.

Makamaka Tula mpingo ankakhala mu mzindawo. Koma mapepala diocesan a XIX atumwi analemba kuti mipingo alipo simungathe kukumana ndi zosowa za anthu.

vutoli chidwi Preosvyaschennogo Pitirima anagwira m'madera amenewa mu 1896. Pa nthawi imeneyo, anaganiza kukhazikitsa pulogalamu yoti kumanga mipingo wa kunja kwa mzinda. Icho ndicho chimodzimodzi chimene chinaikidwa:

• Mpingo wa khumi ndi awiriwo Atumwi.
• Ziyoni Church.
• Woyera Znamenskoye.
• Mpingo dzina lake Feodosiya Chernigovskogo.

Nkhani chidwi kwambiri wa khumi ndi awiriwo Atumwi a mpingo, poyamba anamanga nkhuni. Thandizeni polenga anali ndi matabwa wamalonda amene anali ndi malo wolemera kunja kwa mzinda kum'mwera kwa mudzi. Polenga kachisi anathandiza ndi Providence, choncho kumanga mipingo anali mkulu wa Nikolskoye Chistikov. khama olowa anatha kuika kachisi wa thundu, yomwe kenako n'kuikapo mwala.

Poganizira kuti akuimira Tula zokopa (chithunzi - patsamba lino), onetsetsani kuyang'ana mkati mwa chipangizo kachisi. Anakonza zokhazikitsa ndi maguwa atatu m'dzina:

• Khumi Atumwi.
• Nikolaya Chudotvortsa.
• Catherine.

Kachisi wa Serafima Sarovskogo

Onetsetsani kukaona kachisi uyu ngati pali mzinda wa Tula ndi zokopa kuyenda anu ulendo. Open tsiku. Mapemphero kumayamba 8 ndiri ndi utumiki madzulo umachitika, pachiyambi - pa ndendende 5:00. Pali nyimbo zonse unachitika Lachinayi, Lachisanu ndi Lamlungu.

Mbiriyakale ya mpingo uwu unayamba mu 1905. Anamangapo nyumba pa ndalama allocated amalonda Stefanovic ndi Ermolaevo-Zvereva. Pali kalekale kuyendetsa pogona ana msewu, okalamba. Mbiri kunena kuti mu 1914, pansi pa chisamaliro cha kachisi munali anthu 130.

Mu nyuzipepala diocesan wa Serafima Sarovskogo Temple analemba kuti oyera ndi momasuka, monga yopemphereramo a. Amadziwika kuti Saint Seraphim ankakonda kupemphera mu chipinda kakang'ono, anakhala modzichepetsa ndi kuteteza wochotseka. Mpingo uli bwinobwino mogwirizana ndi khalidwe lake ndi makhalidwe ake.

Mu 1976 tchalitchi anaperekedwa ku dipatimenti Archive wa komiti ya dera wamkulu. Izo zimayenera ntchito yosungirako chikalata. Dera anausiya ku mudzi wogontha apa anali okonzeka club.

Koma mu 2002 panali kubwerera kwa mpingo yofunika nyumba kumbuyo okhulupirira. Mapemphero kwa nthawi yoyamba pambuyo yopuma yaitali unachitikira October 4, 2002.

Ngati akachisi anu ulendo, Tula, zikhomo, zithunzi za mipando zedi kusangalatsa apaulendo. Tsopano awiriwo, nonse a inu mukhoza kutenga chithunzi, ngati kukaona kachisi uyu. maguwa ali ndi dzina lake:

• Serafima Sarovskogo.
• Serafima Vyritskogo.

Mu 2004, pamene mpingo wakutsegula Sunday sukulu ana. Likufa kubwezeretsa, kukonza, kukhazikitsanso, cholinga kubwezeretsa kapangidwe ka tione mbiri.

Nanga bwanji makeke?

Muli ndi chidwi Tula, zikhomo, zithunzi ndi kufotokoza? Ndiye onetsetsani kulabadira Tula gingerbread. Izo zinachitika kuti anali chizindikiro cha mzinda. Omwe sakupemphani - ngakhale okhala Sakhalin, ngakhale Kaliningrad, ngakhale Caucasus, aliyense adzadziwa za Tula gingerbread. Kamodzi mu mzinda, mungasangalale atsopano, zokoma, onunkhira, wapadera Confectionery. N'zosatheka kupewa!

Gingerbread ndi samovar - kuti zilembo ziwiri zikuluzikulu za mtima wa anthu Russian. Tula gingerbread kulisindikiza m'zaka za m'ma XVII. Kuti tipeze mmene isanayambe ndiponso mmene ulimi wakhazikika tsopano, bwino mitundu ya mikate ndi kulawa mankhwala yatsopano, mukhoza kukaona m'nyumbayi m'dera "Tula gingerbread".

Kuyambira kalekale mpaka pano

nthano Local kuti gingerbread Tula anayamba kuchita kalekale - Pasanapite nthawi samovars ndi mfuti. Pambuyo kuyendera zakale, mukhoza eni maso kuonetsetsa kuti karoti - si chakudya chabwino basi, komanso luso wowerengeka.

Izo zinachitika kuti karoti mu Russia anali chizindikiro cha moyo wabwino, chuma nyumba. Kunyumba, nthawi zambiri anakhala mwambo chinthu.

Ngati njira yanu Tula, zokopa, zimene kuwona mu mzinda, chidwi gingerbread? Musati muphonye pamaso pa ziboliboli zazikulu zosonyeza mchere chokoma!

Kodi mtundu wa makeke pali? Species kupangidwa ndi khamu lalikulu, ndipo tikuonera kowonera zakale thematic:

• mbiri;
• m'kaundula;
• kachikumbutso;
• odzipereka kwa maholide;
• anapangidwa kwa zochitika mwambo (Rute, maukwati);
• zolemekezeka,
• lopotana.

Kale, Tula gingerbread nthawi zonse anali ndi ufumu, lachifumu tebulo. Zodabwitsa ndizakuti, iwo amatchulidwa ngakhale mu "nthano ya Msodzi ndi Nsomba."

Ndipo kodi mu nyumbayi?

Pambuyo kuyendera zakale, mukhoza kuona ndekha zimene makeke amapangidwa kuti chidzatha liti (monga chikumbutso cha Nkhondo ya Kulikov), chimene chinapangidwa mu ulemu Ivana Susanina monga anamanganso moyo imeneyi ya asilikali mu Chirasha Turkey nkhondo 1870. zinthu mwapadera ndi amajambulapo maluwa okongola wa 1812 kukonda dziko lako nkhondo anawamasula, komanso odzipereka cruiser "Varyag".

Mukhoza osati kuonera komanso kudya: zogulitsa nthawi zonse kachikumbutso gingerbread ndi tebulo kulawa. Alendo bungwe yopuma tiyi.

Today mu Tula ntchito mafakitale awiri kwa kupanga gingerbread:

• "Yasnaya Polyana".
• "Old Tula".

Muli ndi chidwi zowoneka Tula ndi keyala? Achinsinsi ndi gingerbread owonetsera zakale kupezeka: October msewu, 45a. Anapereka khumi m'mawa mpaka anayi masana.

Tula samovars

Popeza timakamba za gingerbread ndi tiyi, osati kutchula Tula samovars. Si chinsinsi kuti ndi Russian Kutulukira, umene uli kwambiri mmene miyambo, makhalidwe ndi malamulo a khalidwe, phwando, ntchito mmadera.

Ambiri zitsanzo wamkulu - ndi matabwa. Kuwonjezera Tula, opangidwa zokambirana ngati ili Moscow ndi St. Petersburg, komanso m'chigawo Vyatka ndi Yaroslavl, m'malo osiyanasiyana. Tula ali ndi mwayi wopereka kuzindikirike makamaka chifukwa cha moyandikana ndi Moscow, kuchuluka kwa madipoziti. Iwo anasonyeza ndi m'misili, amene analanda kupanga ndi kusintha kwa mankhwala amenewa zovuta.

Ambiri a fakitale Tula ndipo nthawi yomweyo anapanga samovars ndi mfuti. Pa ena m'masiku a ntchito yawo monga mmene makumi asanu! Ambiri anali kupitirira mbali ya mtsinje wa m'mudzi. Ndi apa kuti ntchito ambuye lodziwika bwino kwa zaka za m'ma 19:

• Nikolai Malikov.
• Ivan Batashev.
• Vasiliy Lyalin.

Samovars chopangidwa kuchokera mkuwa ndi faifi tambala-siliva, golide-yokutidwa ndi chokongoletsedwa silvering. Koma maziko nthawi zonse anatsanulira kwa mkuwa wa. Kuyambira m'zaka m'ma, mafashoni kusintha, amene anakhudzidwa mankhwala mphako. Koma njira ya ulimi, oddly mokwanira, pafupifupi munthu kusinthidwa pa nthawi. Pakuti zotsimikizira samovar wabwino ndi ayenera kukhala lero:

• Kobylin;
• gnedku;
• soldering;
• Zitsulo lumo;
• Chipala;
• sitampu.

Kale kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma XIX zikanadziwika oposa mazana ndi masitayilo samovars. Mu theka lachiwiri la m'zaka zimenezi anali mzindawo unakhala likulu la samovar. Komanso, ulimi wa linapanga osati m'mudzi komanso midzi yapafupi.

Samovars ndi kutchuka kwawo

N'zovuta kulingalira chionetsero lokhudza Russian wowerengeka popanda samovar a. Opanga popanga zitsanzo zabwino, anapatsidwa mendulo, amene ndiye zipsera wokometsedwera mpanda wa zatsopano. Mwa kuphunzira zokopa yamakono ya Tula, chithunzi ndi kufotokoza mwachidule, onetsetsani kulabadira m'nyumbayi wa samovars, amene amalola kuti kudziwa mmene kulenga zinthu zabwino.

Today Tula apitiriza kukhala likulu la kupanga samovar. toyesa zazikulu za malonda kupanga malo amenewa amagulitsidwa osati Russia komanso padziko lonse. Iwo anapereka ku masitolo bwino kachikumbutso. zinthu Mpesa ndi kusonkhanitsa payekha ndi kusonkhanitsa zinthu zochititsa chidwi chachikulu.

Tula ndi zida

Mbali ina kuti amakopeka m'mbiri ya Tula alendo ndi chidwi apaulendo - ndi kupanga chida. Pali umboni m'mayiko amenewa kuyambira wakale ndiye, ndi fakitale woyamba anatsegula mkulu wa Mfumu Petra Velikogo. Today mukhoza kukaona kowonera zakale wapadera, kuwauza za mbiri nkhondo mzindawo ndi za komwe angathe kupanga chida. Zodabwitsa ndizakuti, mu masiku akale anapanga Tula chida izo chimodzi cha yopambana!