Namkungwi - ndani? Ntchito ndi maudindo a aphunzitsi

Namkungwi - iwo ali, chimene izo zimachita, chimene, ambiri, muyenera? Chonchi lingaliro akauka maganizo a anthu ambiri. Posachedwapa panali mafashoni kwa mawu achilendo, ambiri tsopano anawonjezera kuti mawu awo mawu monga "kukonzanso kutentha" (chenje), "wotsogolera" (pandekha), etc. Namkungwi (kuchokera namkungwi English) -. Mphunzitsi, namkungwi, Mlangizi, munthu namkungwi wophunzira. Dziko dongosolo maphunziro akatswiriwa ndi luso, gimmick kunja, koma Europe ndi America, ali kufunika kwambiri.

Namkungwi - ndani?

Anthu ambiri kusokoneza namkungwi ndi aphunzitsi, koma si zolondola kwathunthu, chifukwa akatswiriwa ngakhale zochita zina zotere, koma zolinga zosiyana. Curator ndi kugwirizana pakati pa mphunzitsi ndi wophunzira, cholinga chachikulu - kuthandiza riziki khalidwe maphunziro munthu wa ana a sukulu ya mkaka zaka, sukulu ndi ophunzira a ku Yunivesite. The namkungwi zingatithandize kuthetsa mavuto bungwe, onani dongosolo, maganizo kusintha kuchipatala pa ntchito yopindulitsa.

Nthawi zambiri aphunzitsi samenya ana kunyalanyaza satchula luso nkhani. Ntchito ya namkungwi ndi kuti ayenera kulalikira kwa mwana, kuti adziwe chimene iye amasangalala ndi zimene iye akufuna kuchita. Curator zambiri amathandiza kuchipatala kupeza njira moyo wawo, kupeza nzeru ndi luso lawo. wophunzira silimvetsa za masamu, sayansi, koma zikusonyeza mphamvu mu zaumunthu, ndipo ali ndi malingaliro bwino anakamba, kotero si koyenera kuti afumye mwana kuphunzira chirichonse, ayenera kutsogolera mphamvu zake m'njira yoyenera. Mwina chifukwa cha njira imeneyi, wolemba zodabwitsa chidzakula m'tsogolo.

A mbiri pang'ono

Mawu akuti "namkungwi" inatuluka mu Europe m'zaka XIV. Masiku amenewo, pa Cambridge ndi Oxford ndi akatswiri kugwira ntchito aphunzitsi, anali kugwirizana pakati pa ana asukulu ndi aphunzitsi. Mu Middle Ages ufulu wofunika kwambiri, kotero pokambiranapo izi zinali zofunikira. Ophunzira anali mfulu kusuntha kwa njira Inde, kusankha nkhani zawo yochezera. Nawonso curator anathandiza zikugwirizana zokonda za kuchipatala ndi zofunika mayeso nkhani anasankha. Wophunzira kudzifunsa ndi Mlangizi kuyang'anira ndondomekoyi.

Mu namkungwi XVIII m'ma vuto ife wabweza omveka bwino maphunziro apaderawo bwinobwino Anapitirizabe mu Maphunziro British. Katswiri limodzi wophunzirayo lonse kuphunzira, kuwathandiza kuti azolowere yunivesite, kulangiza lomwe maphunziro kusankha, anali ndi dongosolo phunziro, kukonzekera mayeso.

ntchito ya namkungwi ndi

Mu Europe ndi America, curators akugwira ntchito mu pafupifupi onse sukulu ku Russia - makamaka m'masukulu, ndi experimental. anamkungwi zambiri kucheza ndi ana olumala, kotero iwo amayenera kulamulira kuphunzira, komanso kuthandizapo thupi, monga kuthandiza muziyendayenda, kulankhula kuchipatala ndi thandizo la chinenero chamanja kapena pogwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zina zapadera. Pa nthawi yomweyo, ayenera anamvetsa kuti awathandize bwinobwino sayenera kukhala wantchito, akhoza anamuikizira osati mwana mmodzi, koma gulu, ndipo aliyense ayenera kuperekedwa nthawi zambiri mogwirizana ndi ndondomeko maphunziro.

Ndithandize ntchito zawo ndi kugawira molondola, kwa nthawi kuphimba milandu yonse. ntchito yake yaikulu - kuthandiza khama kuphunzira ndi chodzidalira, kuthetsa mavuto gulu, kuti kukumana ndi wophunzira zaka chomwecho. Chifukwa aphunzitsi a anthu olumala kukula wanzeru, wochenjera ndipo palokha anthu amene kupeza malo awo pansi pano.

Kodi kutsatira nzeru ndi luso la Unikirani?

Namkungwi - ndani? Curator, mlangizi, wothandizira, phungu ndi bwenzi amene amandiuza chochita ndi mmene, kudzakuthandizani kupeza njira vuto lililonse. Mu Russia, ntchito imeneyi si makamaka otchuka ndi chimadza kokha mu kachitidwe. Akatswiri ndi maphunziro zogwirizana pafupifupi palibe lero, ana olumala ndi odzipereka kapena makolo.

Ndithudi, izi ndi zolakwika, chifukwa chenicheni curator - osati monga wothandizira, komanso mphunzitsi, ndi zamaganizo amene amathandiza mwana kupeza malo mwa anzake, kusankha pa ntchito m'tsogolo. Mabanja ntchito kindergartens, masukulu, mayunivesite, ndipo iwo akhoza kuchita ndi makasitomala kunyumba. Izi chitukuko womveka wa anthu amene ali okhoza kukoka mwana mu maphunziro onse. Akatswiri ayenera kukhala bwino ndi kuwerenga maganizo, chifukwa ana onse osiyana, ndipo Ndipotu aliyense ayenera kupeza njira, kupeza chinsinsi mtima wake.

Ndagwira ntchito ndi namkungwi?

Mu Europe ndi America anamkungwi ntchito ndi mwamtheradi onse. Wophunzira aliyense ali namkungwi munthu, amene angapatutse ndi funso lirilonse. Mu Russia, mchitidwe umenewu si koma ambiri, choncho akuthandizeni Tingaone makamaka m'sukulu woyendetsa. Monga mphunzitsi ntchito kumafuna kupeza munthu njira kwa wophunzirayo, akatswiri zimenezi anthu olumala.

Mwachitsanzo, ngati mwana sakuona, akumva, iye akufunika thandizo thupi chifukwa khunyu la ubongo kapena kupwetekedwa, sizitanthauza kuti ali lagged kumbuyo chitukuko ndi mavuto aluntha. ana oterowo angaphunzire mu masukulu nthawi zonse pamodzi ndi m'kalasi wathanzi, koma iwo ayenera Mlangizi amene angakuthandizeni kusintha anazolowera ufulu wodzilamulira. Aphunzitsiwo namkungwi amanyamula ntchito zabwino, nasonyeza mwa chitsanzo cha mmene zokhudza anthu olumala. ana athanzi simudzapezeka chimabisika mavuto ena, kuphunzira mmene kuthandiza anthu olumala ndiponso odwala amazindikira iwo simuli nokha ndipo kupulumuka yekha mu dziko lino.

Quality, nzeru ndi luso namkungwi

Namkungwi - ndi amene makhalidwe ati, luso ndi nzeru ndi katswiri? Iwo ayenera kumvetsa kuti curator angakhale munthu amene akufuna kuthandiza ena. aphunzitsi ambiri yodziwika ndi irritability, authoritativeness kwa ana, namkungwi khalidwe sangakwanitse chifukwa ambiri a ntchito ndi Zipatalazo yapadera, ndipo ngakhale kuti ana athanzi, iye ayenera kuti asagwidwe mwa mwansangala, ndipo sanyoza pa iwo.

Ndithudi, owayang'anila kale njira pedagogical, kukhala atha kuphunzira. Ngati katswiri akugwira ntchito mu sukulu Ponena kapena sukulu ya mkaka, kotero iye ayenera kudziwa m'munda wa maphunziro ndende.

Amene akutumikira curators?

Ngati European mayiko mavuto ndi kulowa zapaderazi 'namkungwi "zimachokeradi, ndiye ku mayunivesite Russian ngati kupatukana, nthawi zina masana ndi moto simudzapeza. Mu Russia yekha angoyamba kumene kuphunzitsa akatswiri a mbali iyi, ndipo Mamembala a umbuli mofulumira palibe m'manja zikalata. Kukhala namkungwi mbiri yabwino, muyenera maphunziro yunivesite pedagogical, mpando wa namkungwi thandizo ntchito yophunzitsa.

Kodi aphunzitsi chiyani tiyenera?

Kodi ndifunika aphunzitsi mu nthawi yathu? Lero, ambiri kukangana kapena kuyambitsa mu ndondomeko yophunzitsa za malo namkungwi ndi mphunzitsi chomwecho, koma iye sali lolunjika pa gulu la ophunzira, ndi kwa munthu winawake. Kumene, Oyang'anira ayenera, chifukwa iwo ali aphunzitsi okha, komanso zamaganizo amene amagwirizana, polojekiti, azolowere ndi kuthandiza mwanayo. Ana akhoza mwana kudziwa malangizo a kafukufuku ndi ntchito yolenga, ndi zokonda zawo chifukwa akatswiri amenewa. Namkungwi bungwe kuchipatala omasuka malo ophunzirira ndi chitukuko. Chifukwa cha oyamba mu dongosolo maphunziro Anthu amenewa amatha ukasintha kusintha ndondomeko maphunziro.