Mapulogalamu osasunthika a deta ndi zolemera

Ngati munakumanapo ndi kumanga nyumba yachinyumba, nyumba yanu kapena kukonzanso nyumba, muyenera kudziwa zomwe zilipo, zomwe zidzatchulidwa m'nkhaniyi. Ngati mumadziwa zojambulazo, komanso zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito, pogwiritsira ntchito mfundo zomwe zimaperekedwa ndi kulembetsa, mungadziwe kuti malire omwe amatha kukongoletsera amatha kuchita chiyani.

Mitundu yayikulu ndi zinthu zabwino

Ma slabs ndi osalimba, maluso omwe amakulolani kumanga kapena kukonza, kupatulapo zolakwa, zosiyana ndi katundu wathunthu ndi mtengo wochepa kwambiri komanso mtengo wotsika mtengo. Koma kudalirika kwawo ndi mphamvu zawo sizitali. Chiwerengero ndi makonzedwe a voids sangawathandize kuchepetsa makhalidwe a zonyamula katundu. M'malo mwake, chifukwa cha kuwonjezerako, kutentha ndi kutsekemera kwa mawu kumapangidwe ka nyumbayi kumakula. Zina mwa zizindikiro zabwino, zimatha kutchuka kwa makonzedwe a konkire, nyumba za monolith ndi nyumba zapadera. Si zachilendo kuti mbale zopangidwa zikhale gawo la chimango cha nyumba.

Miyeso ndi kulemera kwake

Mipukutu yowononga ndi yopanda pake, zomwe zimayenera kukhala zosangalatsa musanagule zinthuzi, zingakhale ndi ndalama zosiyana malinga ndi kukula ndi mtundu. Miyeso imachoka pa 1.18 mpaka 9.7 mamita, mpaka kutalika. Pamene m'lifupi mwake amasiyana ndi 0.99 kufika mamita 3.5. Zowonjezereka kwambiri ndizo kutalika kwake zomwe zimakhala zofanana ndi mamita 6, m'lifupi la mbale zambiri zogulidwa zimasiyanasiyana kuyambira 1.2 mpaka 1.5 masentimita. Mtengo wosasinthika ndi kutalika kwa mbale, yomwe ndi masentimita 22. Zipangidwe zosapanga ndizopanda pake, zida zomwe zimaperekedwa pansipa Kulemera kwakukulu kwambiri. Ichi ndi chifukwa chake kuyika kwawo kuli kofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito crane. Kutenga kukhala imodzi yomwe ili ndi mphamvu zopitirira matani asanu.

Ngati tikulankhula za mbale yomwe miyeso yake ndi 1680х990х220, ndiye kulemera kwake ndi matani 0.49.

Zolemba zamakono

Kugula katundu sikungakhale kokwanira kudziwa kulemera kwake kwa zipika zapakati. Ndikofunika kuti mudzidziwe ndi zikuluzikulu zamakono. Monga zopangira kupanga konkire, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito simenti M grade ndi M400. Ziwerengerozi zidzasanthula mbali zapamwamba za nkhaniyo, zomwe zidzakhazikitsidwa pachimake chotsirizidwa. Choncho, simenti M400 ikhoza kukhala ndi gawo limodzi limodzi lofanana ndi makilogalamu 400 pa sentimita imodzi ya cubic pamphindi. Ponena za simenti ya masentimita M300, imachokera ku M 400. Ngakhale kuti nkhaniyi imatha kulimbana ndi katundu wochepa kwambiri, imadziwika ndi ductility, yomwe imatsimikiziranso kuti sipadzakhalanso mpata. Ngati mwaganiza kugula zipika zazing'ono zamkati, katundu wopezeka pamwambapa ayenera kukukondani. Zina mwazo, kulimbikitsidwa kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kulimbitsa zinthu, zomwe zimapereka mphamvu yonyamula katundu wa monolith. Mu njira yopangira, chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri A3 ndi A4 chikugwiritsidwa ntchito. Zimasiyanitsidwa ndi kuwonjezeka kwa kukana kutentha kwa mpweya ndi kusintha kwa kutentha. Choncho, mankhwalawa akhoza kugwira ntchito kuyambira -40 mpaka + 50 madigiri.

Chikole cha kukana kupindika

Ngakhale kuti kulemera kwa slabs pa mpanda kumakhala kochititsa chidwi, panthawi ya opaleshoni samapindika. Zotsatirazi zinapindula mwa njira yoyenera kutsutsana ndi kulimbikitsana, komwe kumatha kugawaniza mikangano ya zinthu pa dera lonselo. Konkire ikakhala yolimba ndikukhala yolimba, zinthu zotsutsana zimachotsedwa. Pamapeto pake, yomwe mbaleyo imakhala pamakoma azinyalala, kawiri kawiri imayikidwa. Izi zimathetsa vutoli panthawi ya kulemera kwa kulemera kwake ndipo zimapereka mpata wopita kumalo okwera kumtunda.

Zizindikiro za mbale malingana ndi kulemba

Ma slabs oyambirira , zomwe zimayenera kudziwika musanagule, zimatchulidwa. Chogulitsacho chikufotokozedwa ndi makalata awiri - PC. Chotsatira ndi nambala yomwe imasonyeza kutalika kwa mankhwalawa mu decimeters. Zotsatira zotsatirazi ndizitali. Chithunzi chomaliza chimasonyeza kuti kulemera kwa kilogalamu kumakhudza 1 digimita yapamwamba ya mbaleyo, poganizira zolemera zake. Kotero, ngati muli ndi mbale yolembedwa ndi PC 12-10-8, izi zikusonyeza kuti kutalika kwake ndi mamita 1,18, omwe ali pafupi masentimita 12. M'lifupi ndi ofanana ndi mamita 0.99. Ponena za katundu wochititsa chidwi kwambiri omwe mankhwalawa angathe kupirira, ndi ofanana ndi maekala 8 pa decimeter imodzi. Mtengo wotsiriza ndi 800 makilogalamu pa mita imodzi iliyonse.

Zowonjezera zowonjezera katundu wokhoza

Tiyenera kudziwa kuti konkire yowonjezeredwa yokhala ndi zida zowonongeka zimatha kugwira ntchito yomwe tatchulayi, yomweyi ndi yofanana ndi mitengo yonse ya konkire yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati slabs. Pazochita zosiyana, tingathe kusiyanitsa mankhwala omwe amalemera mpaka 1000 ndi 1250 kilogalamu iliyonse pa mita imodzi. Ma mbale amenewa amatha kudziwika mwa kulemba, zomwe zimatha ndi chiwerengero cha 10 ndi 12.5 motsatira.

Zotsatira za makhalidwe pazowonjezera

Monga lamulo lalikulu la chipangizo chodalirika cha mbale ndikutsatira malamulo omwe akuthandizira makoma. Ngati malo osowa thandizo sali okwanira, makomawo akhoza kukhala opunduka. Ngakhale malo owonjezera amachititsa kuwonjezeka kwa kutentha kwapakati. Mothandizidwe wa zomangira zolimba za nyumba ya njerwa ayenera kukhala 9 masentimita Ngati ndi chithokiti cha mchere ndi konkire yowonongeka, ndiye kuti chiwerengero ichi chikuwonjezeka kufika masentimita 15. Kwa zitsulo, chiwerengerocho chiyenera kukhala chofanana ndi masentimita 7, 5. Pa nthawi yomweyi, kuzama kwakukulu kwa nkhaniyi Khalani oposa 16 masentimita kwa nyumba za njerwa ndi zolemba zowala. Kwa nyumba za konkire ndi zowonjezeredwa za analogues za konkire, chiwerengerochi ndi chofanana ndi masentimita 12. Musanalowetse mbale, m'mphepete mwa voids iyenera kutsekedwa ndi khungu la konkire, lokhala ndi masentimita 12.

Zowonjezera zotsatsa kuti zitheke

Ma slabs oyambirira , miyeso, GOST yomwe imatchulidwa m'nkhaniyo, sayenera kuikidwa popanda matope. Chingwe chogwiritsira ntchito chikuphatikizidwa ndi wosanjikiza wa chisakanizocho, kukula kwake komwe kuli kofanana ndi milimita 2, koma osachepera. Izi zidzatsimikizira kuti palibenso njira yowonjezera kutengerako katundu ku dongosolo la makoma. Mwa zina, pakuika ma slabs pa makoma osalimba, mwachitsanzo, opangidwa ndi magetsi kapena thovu la konkire, sayansi iyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito, zomwe sizidzathetsekanso. Pofuna kuchepetsa kapangidwe kowonongeka kwa pansi, nkofunika kuika chimbudzi kuchokera kunja.

GOST 9561-91

Malingana ndi maiko a boma, zida zazing'ono zamkati zimayikidwa pazinthu zonyamula katundu zinyumba ndi zomangamanga pazinthu zosiyanasiyana. Pogwiritsa ntchito, konkire imagwiritsidwa ntchito, mothandizidwa ndi mankhwala omwe ali ndi mamita 220 millimeters. Mkatimo muli zozungulira, zomwe zili ndi mamita 159. Kuchokera pakati pa mbali ziwiri zapafupi, sitepeyi ndi 185 millimeters. Mabomba a pakati, osakanizika, GOST omwe ali pamwambawa, ali ndi kutentha kwa chisanu, chomwe chimatsimikiziridwa ndi mtundu F200. Mipata imayenera kugulidwa, kupanga komwe kunkachitika motsatira malamulo a boma.