Limagwirira khalidwe pamalo m'dziko lililonse. Udindo wa Boma anthu. Economics ndi Management

Uziyenda ndi mapangidwe ndi kasamalidwe ntchito monga dongosolo makamaka anatsimikiza ndi chofunikira ake. Monga mbali ya pano zanyengo angapo. Pamaso inu mumawatcha iwo, izo ziyenera kuti dongosolo kulamulira ndi mtundu wa kukhazikitsa chitukuko ndi anzake ubale zolimbana. Iwo anafotokoza makamaka mfundo ndi malamulo, zolinga, ntchito, njira, dongosolo ndi ndondomeko yokha. Monga mbali ya kapangidwe ka lino mafelemu, zinthu ndi zinthu zina. Social ulamuliro limagwirira ndi chimodzi mwa levers chachikulu cha lamulo chikhalidwe ubale. Kodi chinthu ichi?

zambiri

Limagwirira ntchito yosamalira za anthu mu dziko ndi koposa zonse, kufunika kugwirizana ndi kukwaniritsa zolinga za citukuko ndi kukhazikitsa mwa malo a mfundo za m'banja. mchitidwe uwu likakhazikitsidwa komanso anasintha purposefully yokhudza anthu zolimbana zovuta njira, njira, zizindikiro zolimbikitsa ndi levers. Izi ndi zofunika makamaka kukwaniritsa yabwino kwambiri zolimbana dongosolo mu zinthu zenizeni mbiri. Ichi ndi udindo waukulu Boma anthu.

Khalidwe mlingo ubale pakati pa zolimbana chigawo dongosolo, mlingo wa ungwiro, komanso mogwirizana ndi zofuna zofunikira zimadalira kwenikweni Luso mlingo ankakonzekera cha anthu, maluso awo ndi luso kuzindikira ndi kupereka cholinga ziyenera a zigawo zikuluzikulu chofunika kwambiri ndi maulalo, makamaka mawonetseredwe ndi zotsatira za mumaganiza wapezeka .

zigawo

chikhalidwe ulamuliro limagwirira mu dziko zikuphatikizapo mayunitsi zingapo zofunika: Nchito ambiri, mfundo, njira komanso zolinga zake. Society, monga Mipikisano cholinga dongosolo zovuta amafuna makonzedwe a mogwirizana bwino subsystems zonse ndi ntchito. Poganizira BOMA ndi anthu pa udindo uwu, kuzindikiridwa angapo zigawo kupanga ulamuliro ndalezo. Zikuphatikizapo, makamaka, monga zinthu yamakolo ndi gulu.

Mu motere kwambiri pa zomwe kucheza chuma ndi kuzisamalira. Pa nkhani imeneyi, zinthu lolingana ndi alipo dzanja zikuchokera kulamulira. Akatswiri ena, ndi mbali zachuma wochuluka wa dzuwa ndondomeko. Komabe, kukwaniritsa zolinga ndi chitukuko cha dongosolo chikhalidwe amaperekedwa ndi chifukwa cha zinthu.

KUFOTOKOZERA zinthu ndi nzika

nyumba Social onse ali chinthu ndi phunziro la kasamalidwe. Zimenezi zimapangitsa kuti n'kofunika kuganizira zigawo awiriwa ali mogwirizana mosalekeza ndi mzake - onse olamulidwa ndi zinthu kulamulira. Phunziro (a chigawo chachiwiri) ndi mbali ya chinthu. The miyeso ndi malire oyamba mukudalira pafupi maonekedwe ndi ukulu wa chachiwiri. Zimenezi zimabweretsa chakuti ntchito ya nyumba ulamuliro makamaka anatsimikiza ndi katundu wa mchitidwe wa anatha.

Mu maonekedwe ake ambiri onse kwa zinthu kasamalidwe ayenera ikukhudzana ntchito anthu ndi anthu. M'lingaliro yotakata, anthu umenewu ndi gulu la anthu (makampani, dera, kampani). The zinthu akhoza kuchita ntchito ngati zenizeni, monga dziko la boma ndalama, malonda, anthu chuma ndi zina zotero.

mitundu ya zinthu

Okwana pali mitundu itatu. Zikuphatikizapo maofesi kupanga. Mtundu zikuphatikizapo mayunitsi amapanga kasamalidwe gulu la ulimi chikhalidwe. Mtundu chachiwiri - structural zinthu. Iwo ali mbali ya dziko lonse kulamulira. Ndipo mtundu wachitatu ndi zinchito mabungwe. Iwo zigwire ntchito yapadera ulamuliro limagwirira. Chifukwa, lingaliro zowombetsa mkota wa chinthu ulamuliro ndi zovuta za zochita za anthu, olekanitsidwa chilengedwe anthu kapena ngati ntchito yapadera kuti amafuna wapadera lamulo adzakoka chokhethemulira, kapena monga eg kugwirizana.

kupanga maofesi

Kuyambira mapangidwe zigawo izi lifanane ndi kukonza Atamasulidwa monga waukulu nyumba midadada ya kapangidwe chikhalidwe. Mwachitsanzo, kugwirizana angakhale kupanga ntchito. Ndi mtundu wa gwero, poyambira a misinkhu Buku ndi zazikulu kulamulira zachuma ndi ulamuliro microstructure ntchito mkati kumalo a ntchito. Chotero chigawo chachikulu ndi maziko mapangidwe maofesi mafakitale sikelo zosiyanasiyana lamulo - m'chigawo, makampani wonse chuma cha dziko.

BOMA ndi boma mowirikiza zimavuta ndi mzake. maofesi kudzipatula kupanga magwero a kulenga dongosolo zolimbana, mmene aliyense kugwirizana ndi chinthu structural (chinthu). zigawo izi amasiyana zovuta ndi ntchito. Chifukwa ndi nthawi imodzi kapena anayambitsa wina wa kasamalidwe. Maphunziro ndi chitukuko cha zonse zigawo izi ndi maziko kopitiriza kusintha kapangidwe lamulo chikhalidwe.

Zinthu kulimbikitsa mapangidwe zinthu za lamulo

Pali zinthu zingapo, ndi Chofunika kwambiri mu ndondomeko pano. Zikuphatikizapo, makamaka, pazikhalanso luso ndi luso, chikhalidwe, nchito ndi zifukwa zachuma. Mbali zimene zimasonyeza zofunika za mfundo ndi malamulo cholinga cha Kukwezeleza zakakhalidwe, ndi ubale dialectical.

Chinthu monga limagwirira khalidwe pamalo m'dziko lililonse ndi kwaiye ndi chimodzi kapena mtundu wina wa osakaniza okhudza malo ndi makampani lamulo zochokera mlingo wa siyana kapena centralization. Zinthu za mapangidwe mmodzi kapena mandala wina kwa kapangidwe lamkati la lonse lapansi, udindo wonse, chuma chawo ndi zina zotero.

Institute waukulu wa kasamalidwe

Kodi lero ndi nkhani yaikulu ya malamulowo? Mosakayikira, boma. Ngakhale pakali pano pali atangothamangitsidwa kumene chizolowezi kupatsa kwa iwo zina awo (zolimbana, mabungwe, normative ndi ena) kuti mabungwe ena. KUFOTOKOZERA boma ndi mbali ulamuliro, izo ziyenera kuti nyumba imeneyi kumaphatikizapo kuchotsa mabungwe okhudzana ndi mabungwe amene amapereka lamulo ubale ndi ntchito za anthu a mitundu yosiyanasiyana, makalasi ndi magulu.

kumvetsa kapangidwe zoyambirira za ulamuliro ndalezo Current

The kunatanthauza zambiri nthawi mabuku sayansi tsopano lolamulidwa boma, ndi gulu, mmene lenileni la nkhani pa umoyo wa anthu, kudalira mphamvu ya boma. Cholinga cha zimenezi ndicho kukhala, bungwe kapena asinthe udindo nzika. Mwachikulu, kufunika lamulo boma imperious chifukwa cha zifukwa zingapo. Choyamba ndi ambiri umoyo ndale mbiri maziko. Komanso, n'kofunika mosabisa zinthu zazikulu, khalidwe a anthu makamaka.

nyamuka ANAKULIRA lamulo wamphamvu

Limagwirira khalidwe pamalo m'dziko akufotokozera kuonetsetsa kuti m'minda ndondomeko ya zochita za anthu. Komanso, chifukwa ntchito za manja kulamulira, anapanga zinthu apulumuke omwe. Zina mwa zinthu chakudyacho, makamaka kuyikapo mitundu yatsopano ya ntchito ntchito, ntchito zaboma, kuphatikizapo chithandizo Pulayimale mawu a mudziwe (makamaka kusonkhanitsa mfundo zosiyanasiyana zokhudza ntchito, etc.).

Pang'onopang'ono kuchokera anthu anaima stratum anthu amene chachikulu utakhala anali lamulo ubale mwa anthu wamba. Chifukwa cha zimenezi, anapanga zosiyanasiyana maudindo ndi posts: atsogoleri, atsogoleri a ntchito ndi fieldworkers ena. wosanjikiza uyu anali kale bureaucracy. Mu njira ya chitukuko ya stratification anthu inasanduka Jabneh kuti nthawi zambiri kumayambitsa kulanda mphamvu ndi gulu linalake la anthu kusintha kwa zinthu zawo.

Kudulidwa kwa anthu ndi magulu ake khalidwe anapanga ndi mabwenzi strata nkhondo ndi zinthu zotsutsana zinachititsa kuti kukhazikitsa ntchito ndale za lamulo ubale chikhalidwe ndi zotsutsana. Chifukwa chakuti boma zida analandidwa mwayi strata, ulamuliro ntchito kupereka makamaka ulamuliro wa magulu awa ena.

chachikulu ulamuliro dzanja Ntchito

Kunali kofunika kuonetsetsa mogwirizana cholinga pakati pa magulu osiyana kulamulira anthu kulenga malamulo a makhalidwe a anthu ndi kupanga mtundu yofunika kwambiri ya ntchito zothandiza anthu. Ndicho unsembe ndiponso kukonza zinthu chifukwa kuli yachibadwa zigawo anthu onse anali ntchito yaikulu ya boma. Mwazina, kapangidwe mphamvu liyenela kuteteza malo okhala a anthu osauka.

malingaliro amakono

Tikumbukenso kuti nthawi zinthu tatchulazi mwamtheradi sanataye kufunika kwake. M'malo mwake, gulu koyamba kwa ntchito imene ziyenera kuperekedwa kudzera mwa levers mphamvu kwambiri kumva. kusintha zimene zikuchitika m'dziko masiku m'munda wa sayansi, sayansi, luso zambiri, akukankha chitetezo anthu nkhani patsogolo.

Lero, kufunika makonzedwe pagulu wabwino ndi kufunika kuonetsetsa kukhazikitsa mfundo zoweta, zomwe cholinga chake ndicho pa ntchito kothandiza kwambiri chuma ntchito, chuma, masoka ndi zambiri. Ntchito yaikulu ya zolimbana ntchito zamphamvu mu lamakono mulinso chilungamo kufalitsa ndalama, amatsimikizira ufulu waukulu chikhalidwe ndi kukonza dongosolo. Kupereka malo kuwapangitsa m'pofunika kukhazikitsa ndi kukhazikitsa nchito za boma. Chifukwa cha iwo, kupereka muyezo osachepera moyo, kapena kupeza maphunziro kapena maphunziro.

Pomaliza

Tikumbukenso kuti udindo wa boma zida mu njira kasamalidwe ndi wamakono wa anthu ndi vuto ambiri ofunika kwa sayansi ndi chikhalidwe ndi zaumunthu. Umboni wa zimenezi zimapezeka, ngati chakuti pali ndithu kaganizidwe ka nkhani imeneyi. Lero sizichedwa kusinthasintha dziko amatichititsa kupeza njira kuti azolowere kusintha kwake. M'nkhaniyi, boma amachita monga bwino kwambiri ulamuliro ndalezo angathe posachedwapa kusonkhanitsa chuma ndi kukhazikitsa anatulukira njira zamakono ndi zachuma.

Kukhazikika mu dera chikhalidwe amaperekedwa ndi pamaso pa dala njira kusintha kwa nyumba kasamalidwe alipo, ndi pang'onopang'ono, coherent kukhazikitsa malo awo bwino. Mwachikulu, phindu la dongosolo zomveka za zida boma makamaka kutchulidwa pa nthawi ya kusintha, pamene wakale chiwembu ndale ndi m'malo ndi wina watsopano.