Kuika "mumamera": photos, kuwombera osiyanasiyana. Makhalidwe ntchitoyo Sam "Buk"

Lero tiona zida monga ngati kachitidwe chida "Buk". Nkhaniyi ziribe kanthu kochita ndi ndale, choncho tikambirana mbali mwangwiro luso nkhani. Tiyeni tiyese kumvetsetsa pang'ono zimene tingachite kudziona injini Army chida dongosolo odana ndi ndege, timudziwe bwino makhalidwe ake mwatsatanetsatane ndi luso likuomba osiyanasiyana Mwachidule, ndi mphamvu zake zonse. Kotero, ife kudzala "Buk".

m'mbiri

Choyamba muyenera kusankha kopita unsembe. Ndi chiwonongeko cha mipherezero kuuluka bwino potsatira njira zouluka pa sing'anga ndi otsika okwera pa liwiro mpaka 830 m / gawo, akuyendetsa ndi overloads 12 umodzi ndi pa mtunda wa makilomita 30. Malinga ndi mfundo za USSR ndi a CPSU Committee chapakati pa January 13, 1972 ndipo anayamba chitukuko. Nawo gulu ili la kutukula ndi opanga amene ankachita nawo chilengedwe cha kale Sam "kyubu". Pa nthawi yomweyo ife anasankhidwa kukhala zovuta M-22 amatchedwa "mphepo yamkuntho" kwa yapamadzi, ntchito maroketi, kwathunthu yogwirizana ndi "Buk".

kutukula

Monga kutukula akhala kuzindikiridwa: Institute of zipangizo ndi Research ndi Design Association, amene ali ndi dzina "Fazotron" Research. Rastov A. A. anaikidwa mlengi mkulu wa zovuta wa. Pre-potsegula unsembe analengedwa mu zomangamanga KB "Start", pomwe mtsogoleri Yaskin A. I. crawler ogwirizana kwa makina zovuta, anakamba Mytishchi makina zomanga Mmera wonse, umene unatsogolera Astrov N. A. 9M38 mivi tasked kukhala Sverdlovsk ICD "Albucasis". siteshoni kudziwika ndipo, ndithudi, kutsata "Dome" analengedwa mu Institute of kuyeza ndi zida mwatsatanetsatane kwa Utumiki wa Radio. Kuti "Buk" mokwanira ntchito, izo zachitika phukusi la maofesi ndi luso thandizo pa galimotoyo. Kumalizidwa kwa gawo kukonzekera wakhala wakonzedwa kotala lachiwiri la 1975.

kusintha Zolingalira

Maonekedwe wa USSR ndi CPSU Committee Central, 22 May 1974, polingalira za kufunika kwa othamanga kulimbikitsa mpweya chitetezo magulu oti muli nazo zida ndi kuchuluka alumali "kyubu", zomwe zili mbali ya magawano, analamula kuti akonze zovuta "mumamera" kaŵiri. Choyamba kunali kofunika mofulumira kukhala ankalamulira mivi odana ndege ndi moto kudziletsa injini zovuta, amene angathamange 9M38 mizinga, komanso 3M9M3 alipo zovuta "Kub-M3". Kenako pa mfundo imeneyi tinali kulenga "Buk" - chida dongosolo mbadwo watsopano. Ndipo mu September 1974 kuti akambirane ake m'mayesero olowa. Koma kaya ichi, nthawi poyamba yoikika mokwanira anamvera.

Moto kudziletsa injini mfuti 9A38

Iwo anali wokwera pa galimotoyo ya GM-569, ndipo ali amodzi umodzi Chili ntchito za kudziletsa injini Pu Ine Surnov ntchito mu "Kub-M3". Analenga unsembe 9A38 kupereka liwunika mu gawo anapatsidwa, amachita kudziwika ndi adani wotsatira wa mdani wa kutsatira basi. komanso kusiya zochimwazo kumathetsa mavuto pamaso pa chiyambi, kuyamba ndi atatu homing mizinga, yomwe inali pa iwo, ndi ena atatu mivi 3M9M3-motsogozedwa kuchokera mating naye 2P25M3 PU. Moto zida akhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito kapena Surnov ndi autonomously. Imatha kulemera - matani 34. Mpheroyi Sam "Buk" wa: Rada 9s35; Intaneti kompyuta dongosolo; optically TV reticle; sitata ndi abulusa mphamvu servo; Rada pansi wofunsa mafunso, yemwe amagwira ntchito mu "Achinsinsi"; zida ndi SPU ndi Surnov; gasi chopangira mphamvu jenereta; zida lathu, mtunda nangula panyanja; moyo thandizo kachitidwe.

Ntchito makina ounikira 9S35

Pofotokoza nthawi patsogolo ndithu mu chilengedwe wa khwatsi ndi makina fyuluta wakhala anafika, zipangizo mayikirowevu, digito kompyuta makina, amene amaloledwa mu makina ounikira 9S35, mbali zovuta "mumamera", kuphatikiza ntchito ya okwerera chiwalitsiro, kudziwika ndi chandamale kutsatira. Ndi ntchito transmitters awiri - zimachitika ndi funde mosalekeza, Tamarayo ntchito mu centimeter timaganiza osiyanasiyana. chopatsilira chimodzi kudziwa ndi younikira chandamale, winayo - backlit zolinga ndi kulamulira odana ndege mivi. Mlongoti dongosolo amasanthula Boma chizindikiro electromechanical akamagwira processing anachita kompyuta chapakati. 9S35 kusintha nthawi, mbali ya Sam "Buk" kuchokera mode standby nkhondo anali masekondi makumi awiri. zolinga mathamangidwe anatsimikiza ndi lolondola 10 -20 m / s, motero kuonetsetsa zochita boma ukuyenda. .. Vuto: RMS monga anayeza okhota mwandondomeko anali 0,5 ga pa pazipita mu uthunthu - mamita 175. siteshoni wakhala kutetezedwa zonse yogwira, kuphatikiza ndi zinthu zotere.

Anti-ndege chida 9M38

Roketi izi, zomwe ziri mbali ya Sam "Buck" panayikidwa injini olimba-wapawiri-mode. Chifukwa zovuta migodi anasiya ntchito za nkhosa. Komanso, ali ndi kukana mkulu ena, mbali makamaka chabe njira yodutsamo ndi pa ngodya mkulu wa kuukira anali osalimba ntchito. Pazifukwa izi, chilengedwe cha moyo inasokoneza Sam "kyubu". chida chiwembu zimakhalira, muyezo, X woboola pakati, kukhala otsika makulidwe phiko. Pa Koyamba chikuoneka anafanana ndi sitima odana ndege mivi mabanja "tartar" ndi "Standard" chopangidwa mu USA kugwilizana zonse ndi malire kukula kwa Soviet apanyanja. Kutsogolo kwa 9M38 anaika zida Autopilot, semiactive GMN, warhead ndi zakudya. Panalibe ziwalo roketi, kulekanitsa mu ndege, m'litali - mamita 5.5, awiri - 400 mm, chiwongolero zikulilima - 860 millimeters. Iwo anali okonzeka ndi homing mutu, amene anali kasamalidwe dongosolo ndi pamodzi ndi ntchito navigation njila. "Mumamera" - chida dongosolo ndi Roketi ngati - akhoza kugunda mipherezero zouluka ikakhala ku mamita 25 mpaka 20 000 ndi osiyanasiyana zitatu ndi theka 32 Km, liwiro lake - 1000 m / gawo. Chida anali yolemera makilogalamu 685, kuphatikizapo 70 makilogalamu warhead.

unsembe kuyesedwa "mumamera"

Kuika "Buk" kuchokera August 1975 mpaka kumapeto kwa October lotsatira, mu 1976, anadutsa mayesero boma. Iye anawatsogolera Bimbash PS, ndipo anawatengera pa dera la Emba polygon. Monga mukuonera, kuika "Buk" (chithunzi cha iye akuimira mu kafukufukuyu) inkakhala: Surnov 1S91M3, moto unsembe 9A38, pamwamba ndi mpweya chida 3M9M3 ndi 9M38, kudzikonda injini PU 2P25M3 ndi yokonza makina. Chifukwa cha zimenezi, ena kusinthidwa tapangidwa: osiyanasiyana Helicopters kudziwika anali makilomita 21-35 ikakhala otsika, ndege - 32-41 Km. Nthawi roketi Launch ku nthawi za chandamale kudziwika anali masekondi 24-27. Nawuza nthawi ndi lililonse - mphindi zisanu ndi zinayi. Kugonjetsedwa ndege chida 9M38 inaperekedwa: pa mtunda wa makilomita 3,5-20,5 - pamalo okwera mamita pa 3000, 5-15,5 Km - pa msinkhu wa mamita 30. The zinkakhala m'dera m'njira chizindikiro chinali 18,5 Km kutalika - kuchokera 30 mamita 14.5 Km. Mwina kuwonongeka moto - 0,70-0,93 poyambitsa galimoto. Mu 1978, mbewu "Buk-1" ( "kyubu-M4") anali mu utumiki.

Features "Buck", lamulo positi

Ife panopa mukudziwa zinthu zambiri zokhudza ankaona zida. Ndi nthawi gulu ofunika kwambiri pa malo amodzi. Choncho, tili ndi zovuta "mumamera". Makhalidwe a nkhondowo chuma zotsatirazi. 9S470 - lamulo positi wokwera pa GM-579 - amapereka kuwonetsera, phwando ndi processing deta onse ochokera ku kutsata ndi kudziwika, komanso asanu 9A310 - moto kudziletsa injini mayunitsi. Iye amatipatsa ndi kusankha mipherezero zogwirizana woopsawo ndi kugawa wawo mu modes Buku ndi zodziwikiratu pakati kuwombera mayunitsi kudziletsa injini, anachita ntchito ali m'magulu udindo ndi zambiri zochita zina zofunika. Ovuta "mumamera" chifukwa bukhuli, ntchito zabwino pamene ntchito mivi ndi makina ounikira ndi kuwasokoneza. Team item 46 akhoza pokonza mipherezero pamalo okwera mamita 20,000 m'dera limene ndi utali wozungulira 100 000 m. Kuti chandamale zizindikiro zisanu ndi chimodzi chikalata pa siteshoni mkombero review. matani 28 - kulemera kwa kp, kuperekedwa ndi ogwira ntchito asanu.

kutsata ndi kudziwika siteshoni "Dome"

Tipitirize kulankhula zimene chomera "Buk". Features "Dome" - siteji yotsatira poganizira ake. malopa ali ndi mtengo zamagetsi chindodo mu kukwezedwa kwa gawo 30-40 madigiri ndi kasinthasintha makina a mlongoti kwa azimuthal anapatsidwa. Cholinga 9S18 - kudziwika ndi chizindikiritso cha mipherezero mu mlengalenga pamalo okwera mamita 30 kuti 45,5 Km, pa mtunda wa makilomita 120. Ndiye, pa zinthu zambiri mpweya imafalikira ku gearbox 9S470. Malinga ndi kuwasokoneza kupatula gawo ndi kupezeka kwa mlingo kuonera wofanana masekondi 5-18 pa review circumferential ndi masekondi 2.5-4.5 pamene gawo review madigiri 30. Kupatsira analandira mudziwe telecode mzere pa review, ndi masekondi 4.5, kuchuluka 75 zizindikiro. Bukuli linapangidwa ndi chitetezo mmene, Poyankha, asynchronous zimachitika kusokonezedwa. Komanso, kaya pamaso pa phokoso zoteteza kuti detects unali pamalo okwera mamita 5000 womenya. "Dome" mbali ya odana ndi ndege zovuta "mumamera" Nayenso inkakhala ndi rotator, siteshoni mlongoti, mlongoti kutsatira chipangizo, chipangizo kolandira, chipangizo kupatsira ndi machitidwe ena. Mu malo kufalitsidwa siteshoni mu maminiti asanu wadutsa kuchokera ku ankayenda kuchokera udindo - masekondi 20.

Kusiyana kuwombera makhazikitsidwe 9A310 ndi 9A38

Koyamba unsembe wa wachiwiri ( "mumamera-1"), yodziwika kuti kulankhulana ndi mizere telecode ndi musalankhule injini ndi PU 2P25M3 Surnov 1S91M3, ndi ROM 9A39 ndi lamulo positi 9S470. 9A310 analinso anayi 9M38 ankalamulira mivi odana ndege mu chipangizo ake poyambira, osati atatu. adzapereke ake zinachitikadi kwa mphindi 12 ndi theka ROM ndi mphindi 16 - kuchokera mmene kukumana galimoto zoyendera. Kulemera - matani 32,4, kuphatikizapo anthu anayi kumenyana adalira. M'lifupi mwa moto kudziletsa injini - mamita 3,25, kutalika - 9,3 m, kutalika - mamita 3.8. Tiyeni tiwone zambiri zimene tingachite zovuta "mumamera". Mu chithunzi ichi, ife, monga nthawizonse.

9A39 - kuyamba-potsegula unsembe

ROM wakhala anaika pa galimotoyo ya GM-577. cholinga chake - yosungirako ndi mayendedwe a ankalamulira mivi odana ndege - zidutswa eyiti anayi amene anali pa housings mapulani anayi - pa chipangizo poyambira. nawonso anafuna kuti kukhazikitsidwa kwa mizinga anayi, zina kudziletsa potsegula ndi lodgements, wotsatira kudziletsa mlandu eyiti maroketi ku makonzedwe galimoto zoyendera. Motero, "mumamera" - chida dongosolo, chomwe chili ndi ntchito za PU ROM kudziletsa injini kale zovuta "kyubu" ndi TPM. Amaphatikiza: kudzipheralo chipangizo ndi kutsatira actuator, lodgements, kachizindikiro digito kompyuta zipangizo makina telecode aya, navigation, kumanga zimachititsa chilumbachi, mayunitsi mphamvu ndi magetsi. Unit kulemera - matani 35,5, kuphatikizapo mawerengedwe a atatu, miyeso: m'lifupi - mamita 3.316, kutalika - mamita 9,96, ndi kutalika - mamita 3.8.

Mwayi Sam "Buk"

Uku anali nkhondowo apamwamba, kunja ndi ntchito poyerekeza ndi "kyubu-M4" ndi "kyubu-M3" maofesi. Ngati ngakhale ndikungofuna kumayang'ana pa zomwe ndi unsembe wa "Buck" chithunzi mikono yake, aliyense adzazindikira onse a mphamvu yake, zomwe:

1. Good kudalirika chandamale kudziwika chifukwa chakuti gulu review anzake a malo ozungulira kudziletsa injini asanu ndi mfuti ndi kutsata ndi siteshoni kudziwika.
2. Munthawi yomweyo zolinga zisanu likuomba battalion, ndipo ngati n'koyenera, ndi ntchito payekhapayekha moto mayunitsi kudziletsa injini - ntchito ku mishoni asanu palokha nkhondo.
3. chitetezo ndi kuwasokoneza pogwiritsa ntchito adakwera kompyuta homing mutu ndi wapadera mtundu chiwalitsiro chizindikiro.
4. Chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa Sam (warhead ake) - kwambiri Mwachangu chiwonongeko cha mipherezero chakuwuluka.

Pomaliza

Ndi mawerengeredwe kuyesedwa zotsatira, padatsimikiza kuti kolowera osiyanasiyana ndi kuwombera "Buck" - kuchokera makilomita 3 25 pa msinkhu wa makilomita 18 ndi kufulumizitsa kwa 800 m / s. Pankhaniyi imapereka mipherezero qualitatively kuukira kuti si akuyendetsa. Mwina kugonjetsedwa anali 0.7-0.8 pamene kuwombera mzinga motsogozedwa ndi njira atakhala kuti makilomita 18. Ngati cholinga cha amayendetsera, kupha Mwina ndi 0,6. Pa mikono mpweya akuphatikizapo a silikhali zovuta "mumamera" anatengera mu 1980. Kuyambira pamenepo, kangapo ikuchitika wamakono ake, kumapangitsanso maluso a nkhondowo ndi chitetezo.