HTTP-chamutu: kufotokoza, magawo, mbali ndi ayamikira

The Internet ano zinachokera pa mgwirizano pakati pa kasitomala (osatsegula) ndi makina. Kuti athe kulankhulana ndi mzake, ndondomeko yapadera yapangidwa. Mmodzi wa awa ndi HTTP, ndi uyamiko kwa Iye, mapulogalamuwanso angathe kuthamanga kudzera osatsegula ndi view HTML-masamba.

ndi HTTP-maheda Kodi

HTTP - ndi njira HTML-tsamba kugawana pakati pa kompyuta awiri. protocol The kupangidwa mu 1990 ndipo panopa ndi njira yaikulu komwe masamba ndi Hypertext.

HTTP-maheda - mzere kuti amalankhulira kompyuta. Izi amatikumbutsa ndi kukambirana pakati pa anthu. Browser pamene inu kutsegula malo amapanga pempho, kumakupatsani mfundo zofunika za iwo okha (chinenero, dziko, mawu onena za ndalama, ngale Baibulo, ndi zina zotero. N.). Zonsezi akutumizidwa pa makina, ndipo apo panaima pulogalamu yeniyeni (Apache, Nginx, LiteSpeed ndi zambiri. N.). Lembali limati chingwe analandira ndi kudalira pa funso amapanga ayankhe.

Mwachitsanzo, munthu anaganiza kutsegula google.com, izo anayambitsanso ulalo mu bokosi losakira osatsegula amapanga pempho. HTTP-chamutu osatsegula salembedwa motere:

Mfundo chiyambi	Onetsani google.com
kufunsitsa	Ndimachokera ku Russia Ine ntchito Google Chrome Ndikufuna HTML-kachidindo Ndili ndi nkhani wosuta
thupi HTTP	ndimayembekezera

Seva njira deta ndi amapanga ayankhe:

Mfundo chiyambi	Zonse ziri bwino, tsamba amapezeka ndi ntchito
yankho	Ndimagwira ntchito pa Apache Page anasintha 27.5.2017 UTF-8 kabisidwe
uthenga thupi	Pezani tsamba kachidindo Izi zatsopano kuchokera wosuta (malowedwe, achinsinsi)

The uthenga thupi imafalikira masamba HTML-code.

HTTPS Features

Tsopano ambiri a malo ndi amapitirira HTTP- HTTPS-kugwirizana. Kusiyana kwa iwowa ndi kubisa zina mwa mfundo zonse pogonana. Isanayambe kasitomala kuwombola amafuna SSL-satifiketi provverki Seva kutsimikizika. Pakuti mapulogalamu sikusintha, ndipo mukhoza kupitiriza kugwira ntchito popanda kusinthidwa za ndondomekozi.

Kasitomala pambuyo pa kulandira macheke satifiketi kwa lodalirika (akuyerekeza kalata kuchokera Seva ndi satifiketi kwa pakati). Ngati zonse zili bwino, ndiye nkuyamba HTTP-protocol. Pambuyo natsimikiza maheda ndi encrypted kudzera RSA satifiketi. Tsopano tizilomboto pangamuiŵile zofunika wosuta mudziwe (dzina malowedwe, achinsinsi, ndi zina zotero. N.).

Kuwona HTTP-kukambirana

HTTP-kukambirana angaonedwe paokha. Pamene mawu oti ntchito yapadera kuchepetsa - Date, Cookie, khamu, Server, etc. Onani HTTP - .. maheda akhoza kugwiritsa ntchito osatsegula magetsi. Zithandizanso mu misonkhano Intaneti.

Kuona HTTP-chamutu wa mapulagini ntchito:

• Firebug.
• Live HTTP maheda.
• HTTP maheda.

Misonkhano online, ntchito:

• Bertal.ru.
• stupid.su.
• Speed-Tester.Info.

Iwo kukakumana kuwapeza maheda Seva ndi kusonyeza iwo mu zenera osiyana. Ndipo pa tsamba limodzi akhoza kuwapeza maudindo 100-200, ndipo iwo akhoza anatumiza nthawi patapita kanthawi. Mwachitsanzo, onani pa Intaneti.

HTTP-maheda akhoza kugawidwa mu mitundu inayi:

• General (General maheda) - ntchito pempho ndi yankho;
• kuitanitsa (Funsani maheda) - kwa pempho;
• ayankhe (Anayankha maheda) - yankho;
• Information za gulu la (chilli maheda) - mafunso ndi mayankho.

Chiyambi mzere wa kasitomala

Kuyamba kufotokoza mfundo, woyamba kupangidwa ndi mzere waukulu. Kasitomala akuti wapamwamba kapena chinthu akufuna. Chifukwa chaichi njira zina za kuchita kuti protocol lapansi. Kapangidwe ka mzere poyambira ndi zigawo zitatu:

njira kafufuzidwe	chinthu	protocol
POST	/c840024/upload.php	HTTP / 1.1

Pambuyo pake, onetsetsani pali mzere ndi khamu mwachindunji ulalo-adilesi ya tsambalo. Pali njira zosiyanasiyana kufunsitsa. Mapulogalamu zambiri ntchito:

• BWINO - pempho mumve (ayankhe imatumizidwa makina mu kugwirizana).
• POST - kutumiza mauthenga pa makina njira chobisika (yankho si kuonekera keyala).
• MUTU - mofanana BWINO, koma Seva akadzabweranso kokha mutu.
• Muike - kulanda zopempha lalikulu kwa ulalowu;

Atauza poyambira mzere akutsatiridwa ndi mitu zina - wogwiritsa Mtumiki, Cookie, etc. Popanda chithandizo chachikulu si tingathe kuyambitsa kupatsana zambiri pa HTTP ... Yakeyi alinso Kuwonjezera okha protocol 1.0 ndipo sanena transferable.

The kulanda zambiri kuchokera kasitomala

Pambuyo kulanda mzere poyambira, kasitomala amatumiza deta yake kuchititsa Mwachitsanzo, osatsegula Baibulo, ndi chinenero ntchito. Ngati n'koyenera, makina mwina popititsa pempho ndi zina kwa makasitomala:

Amafuna (nthawi zonse pogonana) HTTP-pempho chamutu ndi khamu, Referer, wogwiritsa woyambira ndi Landirani.

Pa pempho maheda bwanji mapulogalamu sangathe, iwo anapanga ndi osatsegula. Sintha kutengerapo awo mu dongosolo kudzera kuwonjezeka zina.

Server HTTP-chamutu - poyankha mapemphero tsamba

Atalandira zopempha kwa kasitomala, tsamba amatumiza Seva ena zingwe. Mu Php kwa HTTP kufala - mutu ntchito ndi chamutu () ntchito. Mwachitsanzo, mukhoza apakamwa malo atsopano a tsamba:

chamutu ( 'Location: http://www.site.com/').

Patsambali pa makina kafukufuku kasitomala anatumiza zambiri zofunika. Njira angaphunzire zambiri chofunika kwa makina:

Makamaka zopempha izi ayenera bwino kusonyeza tsamba osatsegula. Iwo ntchito pokonzanso liwiro la masamba potsegula.

NKHANI zomwenso

Pali mitu kutanthauza pempho ndi Poyankha, aliyense pempho amamangidwa ndi gulu makamaka (ndi tsamba HTML-kachidindo). Ndiyamika zopempha izi osatsegula n'chakuti zokhudza tsamba. Iwo mwachangu ntchito caching.

Mutu wotchuka kwambiri ndi lofunikira Last-Machitidwe ogwirizira. Pempho limeneli akhoza anatumiza kuchokera osatsegula makina, ndi mosemphanitsa. Kudzera udindo kasitomala wapeza ngati m'pofunika kusintha posungira ake. Mwachitsanzo kukambirana :

Kasitomala: "Ndili ndi posungira wa 05.16.2016, ngati tsamba lisinthike pa makina?"

Server: "Inde, posungira zasintha 03.19.2017, apa pali Baibulo latsopano."

seva ayankhe

Pa chiphaso cha mzere kuyambira kasitomala, makina amapanga ayankhe.

HTTP	Protocol Baibulo	udindo Title	powunikira
HTTP	1.1	200	CHABWINO

Ngati udindo kugwirizana zikutsimikiziridwa, makina angatumize kasitomala mfundo anapempha.

Mwachitsanzo HTTP-kukambirana Tingaone mu chithunzi m'munsimu.

Pempho ndipamene mapulogalamu patsamba pogwiritsa chamutu wa ().

zizindikiro ndi kachirombo

Kupitiriza kulankhulana kasitomala ayenera kuonetsetsa kuti zonse ntchito pa kuchititsa ndi kuwonetsedwa molondola. Kuonetsetsa izi, statuses mayankho amene anatulukira. Akuimira chiwerengero atatu zisathe.

Choka udindo, mukhoza kuyamba ndi masamba monga udindo, monga chamutu ( «HTTP / 1.1 200 Chabwino»).

tsamba Losungidwa

Mofulumira ndondomeko wamalonda wa masamba, izo kupangidwa caching. Page awasungira mu mawonekedwe wothinikizidwa pa sitolo m'dera kompyuta. Tsopano Mayina mulibe kukumbukira kutumiza owona lalikulu. Inu muyenera kuonetsetsa kuti mudziwe pa kuchititsa ndi makasitomala ali yemweyo.

Analenga zopempha zapadera posungira mzere, pambuyo kupeza chamutu kuchititsa kwa macheke kasitomala kuti aone ngati ali ndi posungira ya tsamba. Ngati simunatero, akupempha kuti kwa makina. M'tsogolo, pamaso kupeza osatsegula mu protocol pa izo onani kokha ngati posungira ndi silinasinthidwe pa makina.

Kuti muone zambiri achidule pa zogwirizana imaonekera mu HTTP maheda unali woyenerera. Kasitomala amatumiza nkhani zimene owona ndi kwanuko kusungidwa mu izo, ndi makina limasonyeza Baibulo wake. Ngati iwo zikugwirizana, osatsegula chabe amasonyeza Baibulo wake wa posungira ndi.

Pakuti SEO-kukhathamiritsa kwenikweni ayenera kukhazikitsa tsiku mu maheda HTTP. Pakuti zolinga zimenezi Otsiriza-Machitidwe ogwirizira. Komanso, posungira akhoza kusinthidwa patapita kanthawi yosungirako. Chifukwa chaichi Itha. Kuti sintha ndi posungira ntchito posungira-Control, chifukwa tikhonza kulola kapena disallow kupulumutsa mudziwe tsambali.

Yoyenera posungira khwekhwe limakupatsani kungoloŵerera chuma chawo m'magazini pamwamba pa injini kufufuza. Ma aligorivimu Yandex ndi Google nthawi amawerenga ndi kusunga ndalama zake yachokera wanga. Patapita kanthawi iwo kutembenukira makina kukayendera kufunika kwa nthawi zambiri. Ngati zambiri zasintha, kaundula pomwe limapezeka pa makina kufufuza injini, ndi deta ndi kukonzanso indexing.

Ena kulangiza kusamutsa mutu Last-Machitidwe ogwirizira panopa tsiku poganiza kuti loboti chifukwa muwasunge iwo mu pamwamba kufufuza nkhani issuance. Koma likukhalira kuti aligorivimu ali kusintha nthawi iliyonse zambiri mkati posungira ndi kukonzanso index izo kachiwiri. Sikuti zinali ndi zotsatira zabwino ndi zina zitha kumawonjezera udindo wa nkhani.

Pa ulalo-ulalo mu bala osatsegula

Kulankhula ndi kuchititsa kwa anayamba wosuta nthawi iliyonse ulalo-ulalo mu osatsegula. akonzedwa Izi khalidwe ali ndi dongosolo lolozeka, ndi zofunika imafalikira therethrough. Kapangidwe kugwirizana idzafotokoza zisanu:

• protocol;
• Zofunika chinthu ndi adiresi ake;
• doko akuchitira;
• HTTP-mzere (potumiza kupeza njira);
• kafufuzidwe-code.

Mothandizidwa ndi kulumikizana mukhoza kulumikiza osati mtundu wa masamba HTTP, Php, ndi zina zotero. N. Kudzera mwa iwo n'zotheka kufufuza mu zinasokoneza makompyuta, kapena kutumiza uthenga kompyuta wina. Njira zambiri hackers kuchititsa SQL-jekeseni ndi njira zosiyanasiyana kuti kukuberani ku malo Nawonso achichepere.

Ulalo drawback ndi wosagwirizana alifabeti ena - ntchito makamaka Latin. Chifukwa cha ichi, muyenera bwino kuganizira mutu chidule wa nkhani pamaso buku. Ndipotu, kufufuza injini kugwirizana amayankha phindu la gwero ndi mfundo zimene zingathandize tsamba kwa wosuta. Choncho, SEO-kukhathamiritsa akhale mwapadera linaperekedwa kwa mapangidwe ulalo wolondola wa nkhani.