Chimene chinakudabwitsani Sergiev Posad: Museum wa zidole!

Russia kalekale wotchuka chifukwa malonda otchuka kunyumba, osati wam'ng'onong'ono amene ali zidole. "Zoseketsa" katundu mtengo, zopangidwa papier-mache, dongo ndi zipangizo zina. Kwambiri kufunika Sergiev Posad zidole.

Kuyambira atafika pakhomo Moscow

Sergiev Posad ili makumi asanu ndi awiri okha ndi makilomita pang'ono kuchokera Moscow. Kakang'ono koma wokongola tauni ndi mbali ya Golden mphete ya Russia. Ulendowu ndi osangalala apaulendo ambiri, makamaka ngati ulendo pamodzi ndi ana. N'zochititsa chidwi kwambiri zokopa Sergiev Posad matoyi Museum Pakati akuchita malo otsiriza.

Kumene, woyamba wa zonse tawuni Russian wotchuka chifukwa Utatu-Sergio Lavra, kumene zotsalira za St. Sergiya Radonezhskogo. Ndi mzinda woyera kalipo. Mu 1340, monga wa Chimonko, iye anayambitsa obisika yaing'ono, anataya mu nkhalango. Mozungulira cloisters anayamba uka midzi yaing'ono. M'kupita kwa nthawi, apo chinapangidwa mmodzi wa amonke waukulu mu Russia. Lamulo Catherine II mu 1782, midzi osiyana unali olumikizidwa kwa mzinda, amene ankatchedwa Sergiev Posad. (. 1930-1992 gg) Mu nthawi ya Soviet mzinda dzina lina - Zagorsk.

Ku Tirhana na Timatheriyali asangalala

Ankabwera ku Utatu-Sergio Lavra kuchokera konsekonse mu dziko. Izi zinathandiza kuti chakuti zamanja zosiyanasiyana chinayamba m'midzi yapafupi. ojambula zithunzi mankhwala wowerengeka mu ankafuna. Makamaka anakopeka amwendamnjira zidole, kusema nkhuni.

Pali mwambo kuti chinali chiyambi cha mlanduwu kudula chidole choyamba abbot wa Sergiy Radonezhsky. Utatu amwendamnjira kugula zoseweretsa ana awo.

Pakati aulendo amene adadza kukapemphera pa Abbey, anali ndi tsars Russian, ana awo, kwambiri, sangaone kunyozeka zidole zamatabwa. "Zoseketsa" aŵiri ndi akavalo, nsonga, spoons, bratinki - anali onse m'chigawo cha ana achifumu. N'zosadabwitsa kuti tsopano wotchuka matoyi Museum Sergiyev Posad.

Mfundo poyambira

Pa muzu wa nyumbayi anali Nikolay Dmitrievich Bartram, wojambula, mphunzitsi mbiri luso. Iye anabwera kuchokera kuchigawo Kursk. Health sikuloledwa Nicholas kutsiriza Moscow School of Painting. Koma iye anachita chidwi ndi chilengedwe cha zidole ndi chuma lakwawo dziko walenga malo ogwirira ntchito kumene kwambiri mankhwala chidwi zinalengedwa motsogozedwa wake ndi zojambula wake.

M'kupita kwa nthawi, Nicholas Bartram anayamba kuphunzira mbiri zizichita, ndiyeno panali kusonkhanitsa wake. Iye anapita ku malo ambiri lokhudza wa Russia ndipo anabweretsa anapezazo kulikonse chidwi.

Mu 1904, na- Bartram anakakhala Moscow ndipo posakhalitsa anakhala mtsogoleri wa dipatimenti luso la Chotsimikizika Museum, pamene analenga situdiyo kachiwiri. Komabe, mpaka nthawi monga panali Museum wa zidole Sergiev Posad, panali nthawi yochuluka.

Kuyambira zosonkhanitsira payekha nyumbayi

Ngakhale pamene kusamukira ku Moscow Nicholas Bartram anali kusonkhanitsa waukulu wa zidole. Mu zaka wotsatira, si yekha Polemeretsedwa, komanso kuti mukulitse likuvutika ziwiya za m'nyumba, zovala wowerengeka, ndipo ngakhale zidole mapulani.

Popeza 1910, wojambula kumalondolera pa lingaliro kulenga Museum zidole. Iye analera zosiyanasiyana mapulani, ntchito ndi kupanga zina zachidule. Ndipo mu 1918 kwenikweni anatsegula matoyi Museum mu Moscow. Poyamba inali mu nyumba yake ndi Bartram anatenga zipinda zinayi. zinaonetsedwa pa chionetserocho onse anali ogaŵikana zigawo 4: matoyi chidole zisudzo, zidole wowerengeka, mabuku chotchedwa masewera ophunzitsa.

M'nyumbayi deta nthawi zonse kusinthidwa pamalo nyumba chithunzicho si kokwanira. Mu 1924 m'nyumbayi anasamukira ku nyumba osiyana - Khrushchev-Seleznev Manor nyumbayo inali pa Prechistenka. Chidole Museum cha kutchuka zaka zimenezo, kuwonjezera pa Tretyakov Gallery. Ndipotu, kuwonjezera chakuti pakhala zosonkhanitsira chidwi kwambiri zidole omwe, ndi njira, akhoza ngakhale kukhudzidwa, ndodo owonetsera zakale akhala akugwira ntchito ndi ana. njira nzeru kuti iwo ntchito mu ntchito zawo, kukopa ana ndi makolo awo.

Nikolay Dmitrievich Bartram anatsogolera m'nyumbayi mpaka imfa yake, zimene zinachitika mu 1931.

Chidole Museum Sergiyev Posad

Chifukwa, pambuyo pa imfa ya Museum Bartram zinalimbikitsa kunja kwa Moscow, ndi zovuta kunena. Mwina, pambuyo pa zonse, chifukwa wakhala wotchuka Sergiev Posad chidole zamanja. Ndipo lero akuthamanga fakitale kwa kupanga zidole.

Choyamba, ndalama ya m'nyumbayi kwa nthawi yaitali akungoyendayenda nyumba zosiyanasiyana, koma m'chaka cha 1980 potsiriza allocated chipinda osiyana, kuwonjezera mmodzi wa ngodya yokongola kwambiri mzinda wa Sergiev Posad. Chidole Museum ili pafupi Utatu-Sergio Lavra paphiri scraper, mu nyumba mbiri ya Sukulu kale malonda. Izi zazikulu red-njerwa inamangidwa pa phiri pamwamba dziwe kwabasi. Iye yekha ndi chosaiwalika mu mzinda wa Sergiev Posad. Chidole Museum akugwirizira zinaonetsedwa pa chionetserocho oposa 30 zikwi mwa makoma ake. Izi chidole cha anthu osiyanasiyana osati Russia komanso padziko lonse.

The matryoshka woyamba pano kwambiri

N'zovuta kunena kuti wokongola kwambiri owonetsera zakale izi: mankhwala XVIII-XIX zaka katswiri ano. Apa ndi m'mphawi mtsikana nduwira, koma mayi utoto, hussars, Roly-pole, ndi Barbie zidole. Maso kuthamanga! Munthu woyamba zidole Russian kukaikira mazira, amene kusungidwa mu nyumbayi, ali ndi zaka osachepera zana zaka.

M'nyumbayi ali wolowa chidole ankakonda Nicholas II, Tsarevich Alexei: zitsanzo magalimoto, sitima, sitima, ndege. Ndipo akonzedwa wapadera nampereka kwa France kuti akhoza akomere mtima masewera angapo: dominoes, bingo, njuga, hoops, tebulo tennis ndi ena.

Poyamikira katundu kutsogolera Bogorodskoye amisiri mudzi, yomwe inali pafupi ndi tauni ya Sergiev Posad. Chidole Museum silingakhoze kokha kuganizira mankhwala nkhuni, anapanga makamaka ya laimu, komanso kuona mmene ambiri zimagwirira yosavuta (batani, ballast, mipiringidzo) zimawabweretsera kanthu.

Today pali zisudzo angapo Sergiev Posad Museum, Pakati zofunika kwambiri angatchedwe "zidole Russian wowerengeka." Otsatidwa ndi "Russian ndi Western European chidole XIX - oyambirira XX m'ma" ". Chithunzi Ana", "Chaka Chatsopano ndi Khirisimasi chidole" Palinso chionetsero "matoyi wa East."

Ngati inu muli Ndi chipeneko pa kaya kukaona matoyi Museum (Sergiev Posad), chithunzi zisudzo chingatithandize kusankha. Mwa njira, chidole sitolo ukugwira m'nyumbayi, ndiye kunyumba kwa ulendo angathe kubweletsa alendo chidwi.

Bwererani ku ubwana wanu kwa nthawi yochepa adzalola inu kukaona mzinda wa Sergiev Posad, matoyi Museum - chifukwa chachikulu.