Andzhey Vayda ndi mafilimu kwambiri. Wambiri ndi chithunzi cha wotsogolera

Iye - mmodzi wa Opanga filimuyi wotchuka ndi otchuka osati Eastern Europe komanso padziko lonse lapansi. Iye - wotsogolera zisudzo, screenwriter ndi wotsogolera. Kuyamikira kwambiri mafilimu a kanema dziko, Iye analemekeza kukhala wopambana wa aulemu "Oscar" ndi mphoto ambiri padziko lonse ndi mphatso. Back mu 50s zaka mazana makumi awiri, iye mu nthawi yochepa anatha apeze yonena mu filimu, pamene iye anakhala mmodzi wa atsogoleri a latsopano Polish sukulu, ndi kukhala choncho lero, ngakhale zaka m'malo patsogolo. Iye - lalikulu Andzhey Vayda, munthu amene asinthe pa mafilimu a kanema.

Childhood Muda

Adzakhale mfumu ya cinematography anabadwa March 6, 1926. Chochitika zinachitika mu kumpoto cha Poland, m'tauni ya Suwalki. Ndi m'madera amenewa pamene mayunitsi nkhondo inali, pamene bambo wake ankagwira, Jakub. Iye anali mkulu mu zida zankhondo kavalo, mkulu wa Regiment 41st. Mayi, Aniela, ntchito ya uphunzitsi.

Mu makumi a - mmasate oyambirira mu malo awa anapitirira kum'mawa malire a Poland, ndi mayunitsi nyumba. banja Wajda ankakhala m'chipindacho, mpaka bambo anga kutauni ina zigawo za Radom imene inali kum'mwera ndi pafupi Warsaw.

Mmodzi wa zidindo za ana a mnyamatayo anali ndi asilikali mwambo kokoka, afufuze, mapulogalamu osiyanasiyana ndipo ngakhale wapadera maliro. Kenako mu 1939, ku njira m'chipindacho ikanawadutsitsa kutsogolo, pansi akasinja mdani. Silinalinso mwambo, koma mzere wolekanitsa pakati pa Moyo ndi imfa.

Imfa yoyamba

Mu September 1939, asilikali a Soviet anayenda kum'mawa Poland. Atate Andrzej anali mu ukapolo Soviet. Pa akaidi ena a alonda ake Polish m'ndende ku msasa, kenako anamuombera mu Katyn. Kenako, zowawa, komanso chokumbukira nkhondo, mutu wofiira anadutsa ntchito zonse za wotsogolera nyimbo. Mu zojambula wake Wajda samanena za m'mbuyomu, ngakhale wotsogolera ubwana wake chikugwirizana pa Warsaw kugalukira. Iye adzatiuza anthu ena kwathunthu - mkulu mkulu wa Zadar, ndi signaller Daisy, ngwazi za filimuyi "Ngalande" - za anthu amene mukufuna mu makanema, ndipo amangoona maola ochepa a dzuwa mu moyo weniweni ...

Ku sukulu ntchito

Mu 1939 Andzhey Vayda chikondwerero chikumbutso ake 13. Linali tsiku lomaliza la kubadwa, amene bambo ake analipo. Patapita miyezi sikisi, iye anali atapita. Andrew amapita ku kalasi ya 8, koma ndi mliri wa Nkhondo Yachiwiri ya World, iye anayenera kusiya sukulu. Kuti musakodwe mu gulu la anyamata amene mokakamiza anatumizidwa ku German Ulamuliro wa Nazi, mwanayo ntchito. Iye anasintha kwambiri za kudzinenera: iye anali longshoreman, wophunzira wa Cooper, ndi draftsman, mmisiri, wogulitsa m'sitolo zokambirana German. Ngakhale oyendayenda zojambulajambula anathandiza kuti abwezeretse frescoes mu mipingo. Pa ntchito ya m'dziko lawo achinyamata Andzhey Vayda sankachita nawo nkhondoyo, koma anali membala wa mobisa Home Army detachment, ndipo ngakhale analumbira.

Kodi kusankha njira zoyenera moyo?

Kuthandiza amisiri oyendayenda msewu mu kubwezeretsa kwa frescoes mu mipingo, uyo anali kwambiri anayamba kupenta. Choncho kunali kubadwa wa maloto kukhala wojambula. Ndi maloto, ndipo zathandizira chakuti nkhondo itatha, mu 1946, Andzhey Vayda analowa Kraków Academy of Wabwino Tirhana. Koma anaphunzira kumeneko zaka zitatu zokha. wotsogolera chimachititsanso Tsogolo mu sukulu Lodz wa mafilimu a kanema mu dipatimenti ayendetsa. Komabe, ndi pachithunzipa iye sanasiyane ndipo anapitiriza nawo zisudzo ambiri.

Andzhey Vayda ankakhulupirira kuti pa mfundo imeneyi nthawi chabe kanema - ndi mtundu wa zojambulajambula, limene anasonyeza nyengo pambuyo nkhondo, pamene moyo onse anali m'mphepete mwa nkhondo ndi mtendere. anthu onse ankakhulupirira kuti filimu imeneyi akhoza kukhala china chofunika kwambiri kuposa zosangalatsa mwachizolowezi; kuti akhoza kusintha chikumbumtima anthu.

"The watsopano Polish Sukulu"

Wajda maganizo alinso ndi anthu ena aluso wina amene anaphunzira naye ku sukulu filimuyi - wotsogolera filimu Ezhi Kavalerovich, Andzhey Munk, Voytseh Ali. Iwo ali nawo monga gulu Wajda analenga azimuth latsopano mu filimu, chimene chimatchedwa "latsopano Polish sukulu". Patapita kanthawi iye ndiye anatsogolera azimuth latsopano ndipo anakhala mmodzi wa atsogoleri ŵa mu Poland.

njira kulenga

Adakali wophunzira, Andzhey Vayda, mafilimu bwino kuti amadziwa admirers ambiri talente yake, ntchito ngati wothandizira ndipo monga wotsogolera wothandizira. Zinali wotsogolera chachiwiri Wajda Alexander Ford, pamene anaika chithunzi cha "zisanu mu msewu Bar." Mu filimu "nkhani zitatu" Wajda anali Co-wolemba.

Pa kuphunzitsa wotsogolera wamng'ono anatha kuchotsa woyamba lalifupi film, "Pamene inu kugona" ndi "Zoipa Boy" ndi Chekhov ndi zopelekedwa "Ilzhetskaya ziwiya zadothi." Iye ankakhulupirira ndi mtima wonse kuti kokaonera mafilimu akhoza kusintha dziko ndi malingaliro a anthu. Wajda anayamba wotanganidwa kwambiri ndi chiphunzitso cha kutsogolera mafilimu. Nkhani zinathandiza kutsegula njira yatsopano mu chitukuko cha Polish cinematography.

kuzindikira mayiko a wotsogolera

Mwa ntchito za Andzheya Vaydy mafilimu ndi osiyanasiyana njira stylistic: izi m'chipinda maganizo masewero ndi nthano wochenjera, mafanizo ndi okhwima chikhalidwe ankachitika zojambula mbiri.

Mbali yake yoyamba filimu "Kuzindikilidwa", anajambula mu 1954, Tinadabwa wosangalatsa kwa omvera ndi otsutsa omwe. Iye anali zonse umunthu ndi akatswiri. Choncho, m'kamphindi, mkulu wachinyamata, amene ndinangowasiya zaka 26 chabe, anakhala fano la m'badwo, anapsa kuipa kwa nkhondo. Ina ya chigonjetso chake kunali filimu "Ngalande", anajambula patapita zaka ziwiri. filimuyi anapambana "Silver kanjedza nthambi" mu Cannes. talente Wajda wakhala tsopano imadziwika Europe.

filimu ina, otsiriza mu trilogy za nkhondo anatenga Vayda Andzhey - "Phulusa ndi diamondi". Tepi, amene analandira Venice mphoto, chimodzi cha zabwino, "anatuluka cholembera cha" wotsogolera. Iwo kalekale mbali ya thumba golide dziko amaziona m'mafilimu mwamphamvu analowa pamwamba mafilimu khumi.

Izo zinali kokha mu 2007, patadutsa zaka zambiri zochuluka, mkulu kwambiri, kenako anatha pang'ono kukweza katani pa malo akusowekapo m'mbiri ya dziko lakwawo - ndi Katyn tsoka. Komanso, kuwawa ndi nkhawa mwachindunji ndi mwini. chifukwa Andzheya Vaydy Katyn anali ndi chisoni chachikulu, amene anagwira mwa moyo wake wonse.

Mu filimuyi, wotsogolera anati za tsogolo la anthu kudzera mmene akazi - kukhulupirika kwawo, kutaya mtima, kuvutika ndi kuwawa.

chodabwitsa Wajda

Andrzej Wajda sanayambe zinaphatikizapo mwachindunji authorial kulankhula. Iwo alibe ya munthu, palibe "Ine" kapena phonogram kapena chimango lapansi. wonse onse anauza omvera mwa nkhani zosiyanasiyana moyo wa anthu ena. Aliyense wa chithunzi chake zinthu zonse za anthu anabweretsa ngati ofotokozera cholinga. Wajda nawo ndi atolankhani kuti m'mabuku ake anali anapeka kanthu, chifukwa aliyense filimu yake gawo la moyo wake. Zonse akuwombera - izi ndi mbiri wake, njira yake. Kuti ndi chodabwitsa wotsogolera namatetule, wolemba wake mafilimu a kanema - zilandiridwenso achinsinsi kwambiri, kumagwirizana ndi moyo.

Pamene Wajda ankati kuwombera filimu "Samsoni" mu 1961, waukulu udindo wamkazi auditioned atsikana mazana awiri. Chifukwa cha zimenezi, anaganiza kuti kujambula adzakhala Tyszkiewicz. Choncho wotsogolera anakumana mkazi wake wachitatu. Mpaka ntsiku eneyo, analowa m'banja, pawiri, ana enieni iye sanatero. Ndipo Beata Tyszkiewicz anamuberekera mwana wamkazi, Carolina. Mwalamulo, awiri mayina ubwenzi wawo atabadwa mwana wake.

Iwo anali mu London pamene analandira uthenga wa imfa ya bwenzi wawo ukhale Zbigneva Tsybulskogo. Beata amanena mwamuna wake kuchotsa tepi, odzipatulira kwa Zbigniew. Andzhey Vayda anatsogolera filimu "Tsiku Amayi" mu 1968. Mwatsoka, posachedwa pa yunivesite ya Warsaw, basi 8 la March, panali chisokonezo, yovulala wamkazi ophunzira. Udindo filimuyo anayenera kuti asinthidwe. Panthawi imeneyi Beata Tyszkiewicz analemba buku la "Chirichonse kwa Sale". Iye anakonza mwamuna wake kuti azigwira ntchito. Mufilimuyi anali bwino loti, ndiponso ndinathetsa banja.

Opanga zilandiridwenso

Mkuluyu anayesa kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zake zosiyanasiyana masitaelo. Andzheya Vaydy filmography ndi yaikulu. Iye anaponya sewero lanthabwala ndi sewero usilikali, ngakhale chithunzi cha ntchito za olemba otchuka. M'kupita kwa nthawi, ntchito yake wakhala kamvekedwe ndale.

Mu filimu "Munthu Marble" poyera adampereka anadzudzula dongosolo chipani boma, ndipo patapita kanthawi ananena kuti anathandiza gulu otsutsa Poland. Mu Wajda ankachita khama kwambiri udindo boma, tingathe ukugwira ndi lipoti anthu a dziko. Ndi ntchito wosaiwalika wa Andrzej anathandiza Zitsulo kuyang'ana pa mfundo kumbali inayo. ntchito yake inakhala chizindikiro cha mugwilizano wadziko.

ntchito zambiri wakhala mkulu ndi kunja: iye anajambula "Lady Macbeth Mtsensokgo County" Leskov, iye amene ankachitika sewero "Chilango" ndi Dostoevsky. Malinga ndi mankhwala Bulgakov pa German TV Andzhey Vayda kuwombera "Mphunzitsi ndi Margarita." munapanga ed, umene anapereka, anapita kwa zithunzi za America ndi Europe.

Pakuti njira yake yaitali mu ntchito ya wotsogolera Andzhey Vayda wachotsa zoposa 60 zojambula ndi kuika kwambiri zisudzo ed. mafilimu mphoto. Mu 2002 iye anali kupereka mmodzi wa mphoto ya mafilimu a kanema a wotchuka - aulemu "Oscar".