Monoclonal chitetezo. Kodi izo ndi zomwe iwo kuti?

Chitetezo (immunoglobulins) mapuloteni otchedwa Y-mawonekedwe. Iwo kutenga nawo mbali pa chizindikiritso ndi excretion zigawo zikuluzikulu zakunja (antigens). Oteteza ikuchitika ndi chitetezo cha m'thupi poyankha Antigen malowedwe. Aliyense immunoglobulin anazindikira kuti alankhulane ndi mlendo mchitidwe yeniyeni.

Chifukwa chakuti chitetezo ndi kuzungulira kudutsa mu m'magazi, zilipo kuti gawo lililonse la thupi. Ankameteramo ubweya wa immunoglobulin kuti Antigen mwina kupewa chitukuko cha zomwe zimathandiza kuti matenda, kapena kuwonongedwa kwa zinthu zakunja.

Kuyankha chitetezo cha thupi, ngakhale mophweka kwambiri, mbali yakunja amatchedwa polyclonal. M'mawu ena, chitetezo cha m'thupi umabala (amapanga) ndi kuchuluka kwa immunoglobulins kuthana ndi antigens osiyana.

chitetezo Monoclonal ali-selo oyeserera. Pakuti aliyense ngati chandamale foni (chandamale) limanenedwa Antigen kuti kudziwika ndi kumanga kwa chitetezo cha m'thupi chimene chakhala anayamba immunoglobulin yeniyeni, yomwe selo kuloŵedwa m'malo.

chithandizocho amagwiritsa apanga mu labu, osati chitetezo cha m'thupi, monoclonal chitetezo. Pamene ingested, ndondomeko awo akuyamba kutsegula cha zigawo zina za dongosolo chitetezo kuwononga antigens yeniyeni. Choncho, mwachitsanzo, anadzetsa chamoyo monoclonal oteteza zochizira khansa.

Woyamba maselo choyerekeza kuti akhala apanga mu Laboratories, inkakhala kwathunthu mapulotini mbewa. Izi chikwiyire vuto m'malo lalikulu. chakuti "mbewa" monoclonal chitetezo ndi chitetezo anthu amaona ngati antigens - zinthu zakunja, chotero amapanga anachita ndi iwo. Izi osati zimatanthauza chitukuko cha zimene cha m'thupi. Kumenyana dongosolo mu thupi limayamba kuononga chitetezo monoclonal pamaso apindule iye.

Patapita nthawi, ena mwa zimapanga maselo mbewa anayamba m'malo mwa zigawo anthu mapuloteni, amatchedwa "chimeric". Ndi kuchuluka kwa chiwerengero cha zinthu za immunoglobulins anthu ali (apanga) ankatchedwa "waumunthu monoclonal oteteza".

Kukonzekera munali zigawo izi, amanena kuti njira ya mankhwala akulimbana. M'mawu ena, mankhwala tinapangidwa kuchita mwachindunji maselo, n'zothandiza chitukuko cha njira pathological. Nthawi zambiri zosavuta njira kuposa ochiritsira regimens achire. Komanso, ambiri a mankhwala alipidwa anafuna kuchitira Mwachitsanzo, ofoola ziwalo, khansa, nyamakazi ndipo pathologies ena akupha, ndiponso ndi yosaloledwa Mlingo okwana pophatikizidwa makonzedwe munthu wodwala.

Mwa mankhwala wotchuka kwambiri chitetezo monoclonal tisaiwale zipangizo monga "MabThera", "Rituxan" (ntchito lymphoma sanali Hodgkin a), 'Herceptin' (ntchito khansa).

Pa mankhwala ali ziyembekezo mkulu wa synthesizing sayansi ya chitetezo monoclonal. Komabe, pali zofooka. Choncho, apanga immunoglobulins ndi tinthu waukulu kwambiri. Iwo salola kuti angatithandize kudzifufuza zimakhala kapena ku maselo. Iwo sananenedwe kwa m'kamwa (m'kamwa) Dongosolo. Komanso, kukwaniritsa zotsatira ankafunila wa ndende ya chitetezo amenewa sayenera upambana asanu ndi khumi kuchulukitsa zikwi ndende ya chandamale Antigen. Akutukuka apanga immunoglobulins anachita okha zikhalidwe khungu, womwe amapanga kupanga zapamwamba ndithu.