Matalala mapiri: Kodi ndi mavuto ati iwo angabweretse

Mapiri - mapiri moto kupuma, malo kumene inu mukhoza kuyang'ana mu matumbo a dziko lapansi. Ena mwa iwo ndi achangu ndipo zinatha. Ngati mapiri yogwira nthawi zachangu, kenako kuphulika zikutha palibe zinthu m'mutu anthu. Ndipo kokha kapangidwe ndi miyala kuti kulemba iwo, kulola kuweruza za chipwirikiti zapitazi awo.

Pakati akugona kapena mapiri matalala. Iwo yodziwika ndi pakalibe ntchito thupi kwa zaka zambiri.

mapiri matalala

Kulekana kwa mapiri matalala ndipo panopa ndi makonzedwe kwambiri. Anthu amangokhala osati kudziwa ntchito yawo osati kutali kale.

Sleepers Mwachitsanzo, pa mapiri zotchuka Africa: Kilimanjaro, Ngorongoro, Rungwe, menengai ndi ena. Kuphulika iwo anali kale, koma kwapang'onopang'ono kuwala kwa nyamuka mpweya pamwamba ena. Koma podziwa kuti iwo ali mu zone ya dongosolo graben Great East Africa, zikhoza kapadera kuti nthawi iliyonse iwo akhoza kudzuka ndi kusonyeza yokha mu mphamvu yake yonse ndi ngozi.

oopsa bata

mapiri matalala zikhoza kukhala zoopsa kwambiri. Iwo bwino wosakanikirana Mwambi za chete dziwe ndi ziwanda izo. Mbiri ya anthu amakumbukira Nthawi zambiri, pamene chiphalaphala kale kale zinatha, kapena ngakhale tulo, anadzuka ndi anabweretsa mavuto kwa anthu okhala moyandikana nawo.

Wotchuka Mwachitsanzo - wotchuka kuphulika kwa Vesuvius amene adawononga kupatula Pompeii, mizinda ingapo ndi midzi ambiri. Moyo wa Pliny Wamkulu, wotchuka wakale mtsogoleri wa asilikali komanso zachilengedwe, idagwatiwa mogwirizana ndi izo.

Linasokonekera mapiri tulo

Ruiz kuphulika ku Andes ku Colombia ankaona ogona 1595. Koma November 13, 1985 woyamba iye anakana akuphulikira mu mndandanda mabomba, wina wamphamvu kuposa ena. Chisanu ndi ayezi ndi mu Chigwa ndi m'mbali mwa phiri, anayamba mofulumira kusungunula, n'kupanga wamphamvu gryazekamennye utuluke. Anathamangira chigwa cha mtsinje La Gunilla ndipo anafika kumzinda wa Armero, ili 40 kukafika ku phiri. The otaya matope ndi miyala anagwa mzindawo ndi midzi yozungulira othamanga chisokonezo makulidwe a 5-6 m. Anamwalira anthu pafupifupi 20 zikwi, Armero wakhala chachikulu misa manda. Kodi adzapulumutsidwa okhawo anthu amene ali pa chiyambi cha kuphulika anaimirira pa mapiri ozungulira.

Kumasulidwa mpweya kuchokera kunja Nyos kuphulika waphetsa anthu oposa 1700 ndipo ambiri ng'ombe. Koma kuyambira kalekale anthu akhala ankaona zinatha. Mu Chigwa nyanja ake unakhazikitsidwa ngakhale.

mapiri a Kamchatka

The Kamchatka Peninsula - Cholinga cha ambiri mapiri yogwira ndi matalala. Zinatha ankaona kuti n'kulakwa, chifukwa pali malire a kugunda mbale lithospheric, kutanthauza kuti ntchito iliyonse kayendedwe tectonic zoukitsa matalala magulu oopsa a chilengedwe.

Iwo kalekale kale zinatha kuphulika mayina, ili kum'mwera kwa Kluchevskoy. Komabe, mu September 1955, iye anagalamuka ku tulo take, zotupa, mitambo ya mpweya ndi phulusa ananyamuka ndi kutalika kwa 6-8 Km. Komabe, ichi chinali chiyambi chabe. Yaitali kuphulika peaked March 30, 1956, pamene kuphulika wamphamvu adawomba, snesshy pamwamba pa phiri, n'kupanga Chigwa kwambiri ndi awiri a ku 2 Km. Lipenga anawononga mitengo yonse pa mtunda wa 25-30 kukafika ku distilikiti. Mtambo chimphona mpweya otentha ndi phulusa ananyamuka ndi kutalika kwa 40 kukafika! Chabwino particles komanso waponya akutali kwambiri ndi phiri. Ngakhale pa mtunda wa 15 Km from mphamvu ya mayina wosanjikiza phulusa anali theka mita.

Monga kuphulika Ruiz, anapanga mtsinje wa matope, madzi ndi miyala, amene adagulung'undisa ku Kamchatka Mtsinje, amene ali pafupifupi 100 Km.

Matalala mapiri a Kamchatka ndi oopsa kwambiri, chifukwa iwo ndi ofanana ndi chinyozo Phiri Vesuvius, Mont Pelee (za. Martinique), Katmai (Alaska). Nthawi zina pali mabomba amene akhala tsoka weniweni m'madera ambiri kuli anthu.

Chitsanzo ndi zotupa ndi Shiveluch mu 1964. Za mphamvu kuphulika akhoza adzaweruzidwa ndi kukula kwa Chigwa cha. kuya kwake ndi 800 m, ndi m'mimba mwake - 3 Km. mabomba chiphala yolemera matani 3 anamwazikana ku mtunda wa 12 Km!

Chotero kuphulika mphamvu mu mbiri ya Shiveluch zachitika kangapo. M'mudzi waung'ono wa Chinsinsi ofukula anakwanitsa kukumba kunja kuthetsa, yokutidwa ndi phulusa ndi miyala ndi zaka zingapo zapitazo, isanafike Russian Kamchatka.

The kuopseza anthu

Asayansi ena amakhulupirira kuti ndi mapiri matalala zingachititse ngoziyo lonse kuti adzaononga anthu. Pa nthawi yomweyo iwo kulankhula za zimphona kuleza zinatha monga Yellowstone ku North America. Supervolcano, pambuyo kuphulika otsiriza anasiya caldera 55 Km mpaka 72 Km, lili "mawanga otentha" a dzikoli, pamene chiphalaphala ali pafupi ndi padziko lapansi.

Ndipo zimphona akugona kapena pafupi ndi Atauka dziko kwambiri.

mapiri matalala (mndandanda)