Kupanga ntchito

Kupanga ntchito - ndi umasonyezedwa mwa chitsanzo zachuma ndi masamu ya kudalira kuchuluka kwa katundu yopangidwa kuchokera ku zinthu chogwirizana kupanga ndi lomwe anapanga. Tiyeni tione mfundo izi mwatsatanetsatane.

Kupanga ntchito nthawi zonse umakhala zenizeni, chifukwa lakonzedwa luso linalake. Chiyambi cha zinthu zatsopano zamakono zikuphatikizapo kusintha kapena kulenga mtundu watsopano kudalira.

nchito imeneyi ntchito kupeza mulingo woyenera (osachepera) kuchuluka kwa ndalama, zomwe ndi zofunika kwa kupanga wina kuchuluka kwa katundu. Kwa ntchito zonse kupanga mosasamala chimene mtundu wa ulimi akuimira, amakhala ndi katundu ngati wamba:

• buku kukula kwa katundu chopangidwa chifukwa chinthu chimodzi chokha (Zomwe) ali ndi malire amalire (mu chipinda chimodzi ungatithandizire bwinobwino ndi ochepa ena a anthu ogwira, kuyambira malo okha m'dera);

• mfundo za ulimi akhoza interchanged (zochita zokha njira yopanga) ndi Kugwirizana (ogwira ndi zipangizo).

Mu mawonekedwe kwambiri ambiri a ntchito yopanga chiri motere:

Q = f (K, L, M, T, N), imene chilinganizo

Q - kuchuluka kwa katundu opangidwa;

K - zida (likulu);

M - mtengo wa katundu ndi zipangizo;

T - luso ntchito;

N - luso entrepreneurial.

Mitundu ntchito yopanga

Pali mitundu yambiri ya ubwenzi, umene kuganizira zotsatira za onse limodzi ndi zingapo mwa zinthu zofunika kwambiri. Komabe, odziwika mitundu iwiri chachikulu cha ntchito yopanga: ziwiri chinthu chitsanzo cha mtundu Q = f (L; K) ndi Cobb-Douglas.

Ziwiri chinthu chitsanzo Q = f (L; K)

chitsanzo ichi amaona kudalira a linanena bungwe (Q) cha ndalama ntchito (L) ndi likulu (L). Nthawi zambiri, kwa kusanthula chitsanzo likugwiritsa ntchito gulu la isoquants. Isoquant - ndi pamapindikira kuti zikugwirizana ma onse kupeza zosowa ziti kupanga, kulola kuti apange ndalama zochepa katundu. The X-olamulira nthawi yokondwerera ndalama ntchito, ndi Y-olamulira - likulu. Pa Zithunzi chomwecho akamachita isoquants angapo, aliyense wa Chofanana buku zina mankhwala ntchito luso makamaka. The chifukwa mapu a isoquants ndi milingo yosiyanasiyana ya katundu chopangidwa. Iye adzakhala kupanga ntchito kwa ogwira ntchito a.

Pakuti isoquants yodziwika ndi zotsatirazi katundu ambiri:

• Kodi otsatira pamapindikira kuchokera pa chiyambi, m'pamenenso voliyumu ya ulimi;

• concave isoquant ndi kunsi view chifukwa chakuti kuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito likulu ndi buku azilandira katundu chopangidwa amachititsa kukula kwa ndalama ntchito;

• concave mawonekedwe isoquant pamapindikira zimadalira pazipita mlingo kololeka kwa ndondomekoyi M'MALO (kuchuluka kwa likulu amene akhoza m'malo lina unit wa ntchito).

Cobb-Douglas ntchito

nchito imeneyi kupanga dzina lake polemekeza apainiya awiri American, pamene buku okwana linanena bungwe Y amadalira chuma ntchito mu ndondomeko kupanga, monga ntchito L ndi likulu K. Zake chilinganizo:

Y = AKαLβ,

kumene α ndi B - ndi zonse (α> 0 ndipo b> 0);

K ndipo L - ankalemekeza likulu ndi ntchito.

Ngati Uwerenge zokhazikika ndi α ndi b ndi wofanana ndi wina, ndiye amaganiza kuti ntchito yake alipo nthawi zonse akadzabweranso onga kupanga. Ngati magawo K ndipo L ndi kuchulukitsa ndi koyefishienti, ndiye Y nayenso ayenera kuchulukitsa ndi chinthu chomwecho.

Cobb-Douglas chitsanzo n'zotheka kufunsira olimba munthu. Mu ichi α nkhani - ndi chiwerengero cha ndalama okwana mwakhama likulu ndi β - kachigawo kuyenda ntchito. Cobb Douglas chitsanzo amathanso akupanga zosintha oposa awiri. Mwachitsanzo, ngati N - ndi dziko, ntchito yopanga zimatengera mtundu Y = AKαLβNγ, kumene γ - zonse (γ> 0), ndipo α + β + γ = 1.